Уганда экономикасы және әлеуметтік жағдайы

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$916.156 (nominal, 2020 est.) | poverty =
| gini = 42.8 (2016)
| hdi =
| labor =
| occupations = plainlist|
agriculture: 71%
industry: 7%
services: 22%
(2013 est.) | exports = $3.339 billion (2017 est.) | gross external debt = $7.163 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | balance = –4.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.) | expenses = $7.66 billion (2017)
| reserves = $3.654 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Uganda is endowed with significant natural resources, including ample fertile land, regular rainfall, and mineral deposits. Chronic political instability and erratic economic management since the implementation of self rule has produced a record of persistent economic decline that has left Uganda among the world's poorest and least developed countries. The informal economy, which is predominantly female, is broadly defined as a group of vulnerable individuals without protections in regards to their work. Women face a plethora of barriers specific to gender when attempting to access the formal economy of Uganda, and research revealed prejudice against lending to women in the informal sector. The national energy needs have historically exceeded the domestic energy generation, though large petroleum reserves have been found in the country's west. After the turmoil of the Amin period, the country began a program of economic recovery in 1981 that received considerable foreign assistance. From mid 1984 onward, overly expansionist fiscal and monetary policies and the renewed outbreak of civil strife led to a setback in economic performance. The economy has grown since the 1990s; real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average of 6.7% annually during the period 1990–2015, whereas real GDP per capita grew at 3.3% per annum during the same period. Uganda is a member of the World Trade Organization, since 1 January 1995 and a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, from 25 October 1962.

Uganda began issuing its own currency in 1966 through the Bank of Uganda.

As of 2017, Uganda had about of roads, with approximately (4 percent) paved. Most paved roads radiate from Kampala, the country's capital and largest city. As of 2017, Uganda's metre gauge railway network measures about in length. Of this, about 56% , is operational. A railroad originating at Mombasa on the Indian Ocean connects with Tororo, where it branches westward to Jinja, Kampala, and Kasese and northward to Mbale, Soroti, Lira, Gulu, and Pakwach. The only railway line still operating, however, is the one to Kampala. An international airport is at Entebbe on the northern shores of Lake Victoria, about south of Kampala. In January 2018, the government of Uganda began the construction of Kabaale International Airport, in the Western Region of Uganda. This will be Uganda's second international airport, which is planned to facilitate the construction of an oil refinery and boost tourism. The transport union Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATWGU) is one of the more powerful trade unions in the country with about 100,000 members, many of whom are informal workers.

The Uganda Communications Commission regulates communications, primarily "delivered through an enabled private sector." The companies it regulates include television networks, radio stations, mobile network operators, and fixed line telephone companies.

Uganda's predominant mineral occurrences are gold, tungsten, tin, beryl, and tantalite in the south; tungsten, clay, and granite between latitude zero and two degrees north; and gold, mica, copper, limestone, and iron in the north. In late 2012, the government of Uganda was taken to court over value added tax that it placed on goods and services purchased by Tullow Oil, a foreign oil company operating in the country at the time. The court case was heard at an international court based in the United States. The Ugandan government insisted that Tullow could not claim taxes on supplies as recoverable costs before oil production starts. Sources from within the government reveal that the main concern at present is the manner in which millions of dollars have been lost in the past decade, money that could allegedly have stayed in Uganda for investment in the public sector; a Global Financial Integrity report recently revealed that illicit money flows from Uganda between 2001 and 2012 totalled $680 million. The government claimed that the company owed US$435 million. The claim, however, was settled for US$250 million.