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Variety of Arabic formerly spoken on the Iberian Peninsula

Andalusi Arabic or Andalusian Arabic (اللهجة العربية الأندلسية) was a variety or varieties of Arabic spoken mainly from the 9th to the 15th century in Al Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula, respectively modern Spain until the late 15th century, and modern Portugal until the mid 13th century under Muslim rule. It became an extinct language in Iberia after the expulsion of the Moriscos, which took place over a century after the Granada War by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. Once widely spoken in Iberia, the expulsions and persecutions of Arabic speakers caused an abrupt end to the language's use on the peninsula. It continued to be spoken to some degree in North Africa after the expulsion, although Andalusi speakers rapidly assimilated into the Maghrebi communities to which they fled. Arabic in al Andalus existed largely in a situation of bilingualism with Andalusi Romance (known popularly as Mozarabic) until the 13th century. It was also characterized by diglossia: in addition to standard written Arabic, spoken varieties could be subdivided into an urban, educated idiolect and a register of the less privileged masses. Spoken Andalusi Arabic had distinct features. It is unique among colloquial dialects in retaining from Standard Arabic the internal passive voice through vocalization. Through contact with Romance, spoken Andalusi Arabic adopted the phonemes and and replaced vowel length with stress (e. g. Andalusí in place of Andalusī). Like other Maghrebi Arabic varieties, the first person imperfect was marked with the prefix n (نلعب nalʿab 'I play') like the plural in Standard Arabic, necessitating an analogical imperfect first person plural, constructed with the suffix ū (نلعبوا nalʿabū 'we play').

The Muslim conquest of Spain in 711, about a century after the death of Muhammad, involved a few thousand Arab tribesmen and a much larger number of partially Arabicized Amazigh, many of whom spoke little or no Arabic. According to Consuelo López Morillas, "this population sowed the seeds of what was to grow into an indigenous Andalusi Arabic." While Alvarus of Cordoba lamented in the 9th century that Christians were no longer using Latin, Richard Bulliet estimates that only 50% of the population of al Andalus had converted to Islam by the death of Abd al Rahman III in 961, and 80% by 1100. By about 1260, Muslim territories in Iberia were reduced to the Emirate of Granada, in which more than 90% of the population had converted to Islam and Arabic Romance bilingualism seems to have disappeared.]] The colloquial Arabic of al Andalus was prominent among the varieties of Arabic of its time in its use for literary purposes, especially in zajal poetry and proverbs and aphorisms. until the final expulsion of the Moriscos at the beginning of the 17th century.

Andalusi Arabic is still used in Andalusi classical music and has significantly influenced the dialects of such towns as Sfax in Tunisia, Rabat, Salé, Fès, Tétouan and Tangier in Morocco, Nedroma, Tlemcen, Blida, Jijel, and Cherchell in Algeria, and Alexandria in Egypt. Andalusi Arabic also influenced Andalusi Romance ("Mozarabic"), Spanish , Judaeo Spanish varieties, Catalan Valencian Balearic, Portuguese, Classical Arabic and Moroccan, Tunisian, Egyptian, Hassani and Algerian Arabics.

Some nouns in Andalusi Arabic shifted gender to match the gender of corresponding terms in Romance, such as the feminine Arabic nouns ʿayn (عين 'eye') and shams (شمس 'sun'), which became masculine in al Andalus, matching ojo and sol. and Arte para ligeramente saber la lengua araviga, both published in 1505 to explain the language of the conquered to the conquerors following the Fall of Granada. Its last documents are a few business records and one letter written at the beginning of the 17th century in Valencia.