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American journalist and novelist (1880–1950)
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Ernest Cook Poole (January 23, 1880 – January 10, 1950) was an American journalist, novelist, and playwright. Poole is best remembered for his sympathetic first hand reportage of revolutionary Russia during and immediately after the Revolution of 1905 and Revolution of 1917 and as a popular writer of proletarian tinged fiction during the era of World War I and the 1920s. Poole was the winner of the first Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, awarded in 1918 for his book, His Family.

Poole was born in Chicago, Illinois, on January 23, 1880, to Abram Poole and Mary Howe Poole. His Wisconsin born father was a successful commodities trader at the Chicago Board of Trade, his mother hailed from a well established Chicago family; together they raised 7 children. Poole was educated at home until he was almost 7 years old, at which time he was enrolled in Chicago's University School for Boys. There he first showed a proclivity for the written word, working briefly on the staff of the school newspaper. The family's Michigan Avenue home in Chicago was populated with servants, including gardeners and governesses, and he grew up in proximity of the scions of the city elite, including young relatives of Cyrus McCormick and Abraham Lincoln. Following high school graduation, Poole, an accomplished violinist, took a year off to study music, with a view to becoming a professional composer. He found the process of writing music difficult, however, and — inspired by his literary oriented and story telling father — turned his attention to the written word as a possible profession. After his year long escape from formal education, Poole moved to Princeton, New Jersey, to attend Princeton University, where he attended courses in political science taught by Woodrow Wilson. There he continued to demonstrate an interest in journalism and fiction writing, working on the staff of the school's daily newspaper, The Prince — before finding straight journalism tedious. He moved from nuts and bolts journalism to the arts, contributing material to the campus literary magazine, The Lit, and penning two librettos for the illustrious Princeton Triangle Club, although both were rejected. It was at Princeton that Poole was influenced to the ideas of progressive reform associated with the burgeoning muckraker movement, with the book How The Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis playing a particularly pivotal role in the evolution of Poole's worldview. The next phase of Poole's life, that of a professional writer, had begun. Headstrong and confident, Poole immersed himself in his passion, fiction, while still ensconced as a settlement worker. Three short stories were immediately penned and sent out to various New York magazines — only to be returned with letters of rejection. Poole retreated to writing short works of investigative journalism on the boys of the city streets and met with better success, seeing print for one piece in Collier's and two others in the New York Evening Post. In the evenings it hosted a steady stream of guests, including some of the most famous progressive activists of the day, including social worker Jane Addams, journalist Lincoln Steffens, British author H. G. Wells and left wing politicians Keir Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald, as well as renowned attorney Clarence Darrow. He met and made friends with Abraham Cahan, publisher of the Yiddish language Jewish Daily Forward (Der Forverts) and gained an appreciation from the venerable revolutionary of the struggle being waged by oppressed Jews and others against the Tsarist autocracy in Russia. The tipping point for the 23 year old Poole as a settlement worker came when he was selected to investigate the problem of tuberculosis in New York City's Lower East Side tenement slums. Poole spent weeks going from room to room observing and surveying residents and taking testimony about the fate of previous inhabitants. His report, "The Plague in Its Stronghold," generated attention from the press and Poole conducted tours of reporters and photographers around the tenement blocks, with the coverage spurring hearings of the New York State Legislature in Albany. The task proved a strain on Poole's mental and physical well being and he himself became feverish and was sent home to the family summer home in Lake Forest to recuperate.

Poole's time as a settlement worker at an end, he threw himself into investigative journalism. In 1904 the popular illustrated news weekly The Outlook dispatched Poole to live for six weeks in the packinghouse district of Chicago to report on the ongoing stockyards' strike, which prominently featured a melange of striking new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe against thousands of African American strikebreakers brought for the purpose to the city. When his Outlook piece was completed, Poole stayed on the scene as the volunteer press agent for the union of the striking slaughterhouse workers. The job put him in touch with the young Upton Sinclair, who was on the scene to do research for what he hoped would become the "Uncle Tom's Cabin of the Labor Movement," published in 1906 as The Jungle. Poole's close friends in New York included two others who would travel to Imperial Russia as correspondents in 1905 — the socialists Arthur Bullard and William English Walling. Back in New York, Poole met the émigré Russian revolutionary Yekaterina Breshkovskaya, the so called "Little Grandmother of the Revolution." Together with an interpreter and a stenographer, Poole sat for eight hours listening to Breshkovskaya's personal story and the history of the revolutionary movement fighting for the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia. Poole's interview would ultimately result in a pamphlet issued by the Chicago socialist publishing house Charles H. Kerr & Co., For Russia's Freedom. Fascinated by the tumultuous Russian political situation, Poole successfully convinced The Outlook to send him to Russia as the magazine's correspondent and a contract was drawn up. Poole sailed for England, then proceeded to France before traveling by train to Berlin and on to Russia, bringing with him communications and money entrusted to him in Paris for underground Russian constitutionalists. Together with a translator, Poole traveled Russia extensively in the early days of the 1905 Revolution, ultimately turning in 14 pieces to The Outlook detailing his experiences and observations. After his return from Russia, Poole continued to produce feature short stories depicting urban working class life for the periodical press, all the while gathering anecdotes for future novels. Poole split his output between The Saturday Evening Post and Everybody's Magazine, as a successful freelance writer. Poole married the former Margaret Ann Witherbotham in 1907 and the couple established a household in the Greenwich Village section of New York City. The couple would raise three children. His first effort, revolving around life in a steel mill, failed to find a producer but his second, a drama about the construction of a bridge in the Rocky Mountains, led to six weeks of rehearsals and a grand New York opening — followed by poor reviews and a quick close. Poole would ultimately write 11 plays for the New York stage, two of these in conjunction with Harriet Ford. Around 1908 he made the acquaintance of party leader Morris Hillquit, however, who became a "lovable friend" and persuaded the non Marxist Poole that his views fell within the "very broad and liberal" ideological umbrella of the Socialist Party. Poole joined a branch of Local New York and maintained his red card in the organization at least through the years of World War I. From 1908 Poole began writing for the New York Call, a socialist daily closely associated with the Socialist Party of America (SPA).

Leaving the world of the stage, Poole began to concentrate on full length fiction. In the spring of 1912 he began research on the waterfront environs of Brooklyn Heights, New York, gathering observations and anecdotes that he would painstakingly work into shape for the first of his major novels, The Harbor, which was accepted by Macmillan in the spring of 1914. Physically and emotionally drained by the writing process, Poole spent two months in Europe before returning to the family's new home in the White Mountains of New Hampshire to begin work on his next book. This idyllic interlude was shattered in the summer of 1914 when World War I erupted across Europe. The world situation so dramatically changed, Poole recovered the manuscript for his book from Macmillans and spent a month writing a completely new ending. He would spend three months in Europe covering the conflict. Poole's next novel attempted to follow up the successful His Family with a sequel, His Second Wife, published in serial form in McClure's before being released in hard covers later in 1918.

The Voice of the Street. New York: A. S. Barnes, 1906. Katherine Breshkovsky: "For Russia's Freedom." Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1906. The Harbor. New York: Macmillan, 1915. + Audio version. His Family. New York: Macmillan, 1917. + Audio version. "The Dark People": Russia's Crisis. New York: Macmillan, 1918. The Village: Russian Impressions. New York: Macmillan, 1918. His Second Wife. New York: Macmillan, 1918. Blind: A Story of These Times. New York: Macmillan, 1920. Beggar's Gold. New York: Macmillan, 1921. Millions. New York: Macmillan, 1922. Danger. New York: Macmillan, 1923. The Avalanche. New York: Macmillan, 1924. The Little Dark Man and Other Russian Sketches. New York: Macmillan, 1925. —4 short stories. The Hunter's Moon. New York: Macmillan, 1925. With Eastern Eyes. New York: Macmillan, 1926. Silent Storms. New York: Macmillan, 1927. Car of Croesus. New York: Macmillan, 1930. The Destroyer. New York: Macmillan, 1931. Nurses on Horseback. New York: Macmillan, 1932. Great Winds. New York: Macmillan, 1933. One of Us. New York: Macmillan, 1934. The Bridge: My Own Story. New York: Macmillan, 1940. —Memoir. Giants Gone: Men Who Made Chicago. New York : Whittlesey House, McGraw Hill, 1943. The Great White Hills of New Hampshire. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1946. Nancy Flyer: A Stagecoach Epic. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1949.

"Abraham Cahan: Socialist — Journalist — Friend of the Ghetto," The Outlook, Oct. 28, 1911. "Our American Merchant Marine under Private Operation," The Saturday Evening Post, vol. 202, no. 8 (Aug. 24, 1929) pp. 25, 142, 145 146, 149 150. "Captain Dollar," (serialized in 5 parts) The Saturday Evening Post, May 25 June 22, 1929. "Frolicking and Vain Mirth," Woman's Day, April 1948.