Суреттелген кішкентай анықтамалық кітаптар жинағы

Collection of illustrated, pocket sized books on a variety of subjects

Découvertes Gallimard (dekuvɛʁt ɡalimaːʁ, ; in United Kingdom: New Horizons, in United States: Abrams Discoveries) is an editorial collection of illustrated monographic books published by the Éditions Gallimard in pocket format. The books are concise introductions to particular subjects, written by experts and intended for a general audience. Created in the style of livre d'art, the collection is based on an abundant pictorial documentation and a way of bringing together visual documents and texts, enhanced by printing on coated paper, as commented in L'Express, "genuine monographs, published like art books". Its creator—Pierre Marchand the "iconophile", as remarked by the German graphic designer Raymond Stoffel—was instrumental in moulding the policy and ideals of the collection, which was an immediate success both in France and internationally. The first title À la recherche de l'Égypte oubliée (English edition: The Search for Ancient Egypt) appeared on 21 November 1986, authored by the French Egyptologist Jean Vercoutter. These scholarly little books then released in successive volumes, without a systematic plan, each of which is structured like a separate book (see monographic series). 588 titles were published by November 2012, with more than 160 volumes of spin offs and catalogues as of 2021.

The books are printed using A6 format (125 × 178 mm), according to Encyclopædia Universalis, "with breathtaking iconography (illustration)" reproduced on thick and glossy coated paper, such as archaeology, art, culture, civilisation, history, music, religion, science, et cetera, with 502 specialists' contributions. for example, the title Le ciel, ordre et désordre (UK ed. The Sky: Order and Chaos), which narrated in chronological order to present the varied subjects relating to the sky above and peoples' perception of it, through historical perspective of cultural, social and religious aspects. The captions for illustrations must be informative, they should not duplicate information in the body text, nor do they interrupt the narrative thread. Researchers and academics must adhere to the constraints of a mainstream collection. Apart from obvious analytical abilities, authors are expected to write quality text and a sensitivity to illustration. A "Découvertes" is not a book of authorship, the author is only one of the many speakers. Bruno Blasselle, director of the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, author of two volumes of Histoire du livre ('History of Book', and ), and co author of the title La Bibliothèque nationale de France : Mémoire de l'avenir, explained his experience of working for the collection: "For an author, to write a Découvertes title is to be trapped, to put oneself in a situation of being obliged to go beyond his/her own formulation." The cover design is one of the specificities. The old covers are glossy with black background illustrated in colour, the newer covers are matt laminated rather than glossy,

The collection formerly consisted of eighteen series—Archéologie, Architecture, Art de vivre, Cinéma, Histoire, Histoires naturelles, Invention du monde, Littérature, Mémoire des lieux, Musique et danse, Peinture, Philosophie, Religions, Sciences, Sculpture, Sports et jeux, Techniques and Traditions—which have been abandoned, it is now reorganised around seven major subjects with colour codes: Arts (red), Archéologie (brown), Histoire (blue), Littératures (white), Religions (dark blue), Culture et société (yellow) and Sciences et techniques (green).

Découvertes Gallimard was born in Gallimard Jeunesse, based on an idea by Pierre Marchand after the publications of two pocket collections: Découvertes Cadet in 1983 and Découvertes Benjamin in 1984. These three Découvertes collections cater to three levels: grades 4 to 6 (Découvertes Benjamin), grades 7 to 9 (Découvertes Cadet), and grades 10 and up (Découvertes Gallimard). This pocket encyclopaedia initially named Les Chemins de la connaissance ('The Paths of Knowledge'), Pierre Marchand already had the idea when he entered Gallimard in 1972, as he explained: "I have invested fourteen years of my professional life in this collection. Thanks to the success of 'choose your own adventure books' that we were able to embark on this adventure. [ ] For the first time, genuine encyclopaedias in pocket format. [ ] Our bet is that once you open the book, no matter what subject you read or which page you are on, you can no longer close it." Françoise Balibar, Jean Pierre Maury, Jean Pierre Verdet, Marc Meunier Thouret and some others were the first to experience this pharaonic project that would await the arrival of Élisabeth de Farcy and Paule du Bouchet, in 1981, for truly to take shape. To producing genuine encyclopaedias in pocket format and fully illustrated in colour, in that time, many judged such an editorial project insane. The authors were sceptical about this project at first, even contemptuous, but they have eventually been fascinated by the collection. Some have even authored several books, such as Françoise Cachin, curator of the Musée d'Orsay, author of three books – Gauguin : « Ce malgré moi de sauvage » , Seurat : Le rêve de l'art science , Manet : « J'ai fait ce que j'ai vu » ; the physicist Jean Pierre Maury, who wrote four titles – Galilée, le messager des étoiles , Comment la terre devint ronde , Newton et la mécanique céleste and Le palais de la Découverte ; or the historian of religion fr, who published seven books in the collection. "We've never seen so many things between the first and last pages of a book" is the slogan proposed by Pascal Manry's advertising agency CLM BBDO for the launch of the collection. Without market research at the start, Pierre Marchand, a self taught man, explained on the television programme fr: "This project was as old as my thirst for knowledge. No doubt it is necessary to be precisely self taught to sense the importance of an encyclopaedia. We must have been forced to build our own culture, to seek reliable references, to make clear statements. To conceive 'Découvertes', I didn't need market research, surveys or tests. Right from the start, I wanted to give the public the books I needed." Although "Découvertes" was reserved for youth at the beginning, it was eventually launched for the general adult public.) by nl, a Belgian Dutch language writer. Nevertheless, the Parisian publishing house hesitated, "interesting subject, but how can you illustrate that?" Then De Donder showed a list of about one thousand images that he gathered over years, Gallimard was convinced and made him the first non French language author published in the collection. In the heyday of "Découvertes" at the turn of the 1990s, authors were mainly recruited from academics and curators. Numerous artist monographs were often published on the occasions of major exhibitions, with a predilection for painters and musicians. Such as the title Matisse : « Une splendeur inouïe » was released for the exhibition "Henri Matisse 1904–1917" at the Centre Georges Pompidou in 1993; Or reactivity in relation to current events, for instance, the title Sang pour sang, le réveil des vampires was published on 5 January 1993 for the release of Francis Coppola's Dracula in France; and La mine dévoreuse d'hommes for the release of the French film Germinal; Un Conservatoire pour les Arts et Métiers for the bicentennial of the CNAM; La Mode : Un demi siècle conquérant was on sale on the occasion of "Yves Saint Laurent retrospective" at the Petit Palais in 2010. Some works were launched within an extremely limited time frame, such as Mémoires du Louvre , for the inauguration of the Louvre Pyramid in 1989; and Les Temples de l'opéra for the Opéra Bastille in 1990, both completed in six to eight weeks instead of the usual two or three months. Alongside many works dictated by current events, there are also a number of "strange curiosities", such as a book devoted to red hair ( – Roux et rousses : Un éclat très particulier), which is unusual in this type of collection. (currently more than 20 languages, see "International editions"). "This inexpensive pocket encyclopaedia embodies its humanistic dream: to make the most advanced state of knowledge available to everyone. Diderot and D'Alembert would not have denied it ", commented by Hedwige Pasquet, current directress of Gallimard Jeunesse. In order to remedy the problems of international proprietaries and reproduction rights of works of art, co publishers firstly define a number of titles, then they choose according to their own editorial line, and share the high cost of worldwide photographic rights. Therefore, Harry N. Abrams in the United States chose more titles on traditional cultural subjects, such as À la recherche de la Rome antique or La Naissance de la Grèce ; while in Japan, the publisher 創元社 prefers original titles, such as the title Les sorcières, fiancées de Satan ('Witches: Fiancées of Satan'), and the title L'Heure du grand passage : Chronique de la mort ('The Hour of the Great Passage: Chronicle of Death'). The Madrilenian publisher Aguilar was the first one among "Découvertes"' international co publishers since 1989, the first 12 titles for the Spanish collection Aguilar Universal were released in the same year. In Italy, the publisher Electa/Gallimard produced 128 titles within seven years; in Japan, the title for their series Chi no Saihakken ('Rediscovery of Knowledge') has been published in early 2017. In addition, foreign editions are usually co printed to amortise fees and support countries with small circulation.

Image (illustration, designated as iconographie in French) is the essential part to Découvertes Gallimard, the collection draws much inspiration from magazine layout designs. Full colour pictures, documentary illustrations, archival photographs, historical maps occupy a central place in this work, as said Pierre Marchand himself: "the language of images is a universal language". But in the 1980s, desktop publishing and photo digitisation did not exist, the sophisticated mockups were entirely handmade and the iconographers ran around museums, libraries, painting galleries and other agencies to look for documents. Today, the technology has simplified all these procedures but the difficulty lies elsewhere, the status of the image is increasingly complex. In this collection, all books share the same concept as to layout and looks, each book itself could become a work of art rather than only its substitute. It is coupled with up to date editing equipment, organisational innovations and a constant pursuit of higher printing quality at lower cost. A more friendship than business relationship between Marchand and the Italian printer Gianni Stavro has advanced the state of the art in printing. The suppliers of "Découvertes" are supposed to cooperate between themselves, "for instance, the French printer had a problem concerning the pigments, so the Italian printer invited him over to explain how he could solve the problem", explained by a Gallimard employee.

Title Literal translation Language Country Publisher First published Découvertes Gallimard 'Gallimard Discoveries' French of France France Éditions Gallimard 1986 New Horizons British English United Kingdom Thames & Hudson 1992 Abrams Discoveries American English United States Harry N. Abrams 1992 Universale Electa/Gallimard 'Electa/Gallimard Universal' Italian Italy Electa/Gallimard 1992 Universale L'ippocampo 'L'ippocampo Universal' Italian Italy L'ippocampo Edizioni 2011 Aguilar Universal 'Aguilar Universal' Peninsular Spanish Spain es 1989 Biblioteca ilustrada 'Illustrated Library' Peninsular Spanish Spain Blume 2011 Biblioteca de bolsillo CLAVES 'Pocket Library KEYS' Spanish Spain, Hispanic America Ediciones B 1997 Civilização/Círculo de Leitores 'Civilisation/Readers' Circle' European Portuguese Portugal Civilização Editora, pt 1991 Descobrir 'Discover' European Portuguese Portugal pt 2003 Descobertas 'Discoveries' Brazilian Portuguese Brazil pt 2000 En värld av vetande 'A World of Knowledge' Swedish Sweden sv 1991 Horisont bøkene 'Horizon Books' Norwegian Norway Schibsted 1990 Ny viden om nyt og gammelt 'New Knowledge on New and Old' Danish Denmark Roth 1993 Abenteuer Geschichte 'Adventure Story' German Germany Ravensburger Buchverlag 1990 Fibula Pharos 'Fibula's Pharos Dutch Netherlands Fibula Van Dishoek 1990 Standaard Ontdekkingen 'Standaard Discoveries' Dutch Belgium, Netherlands Standaard Uitgeverij 1990 Krajobrazy Cywilizacji 'Landscapes of Civilisation' Polish Poland Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie 1994 Poznać i Zrozumieć Świat – Focus 'Know and Understand the World – Focus' Polish Poland pl 2002 Horizonty 'Horizons' Czech Czech Republic cs 1994 Horizonty 'Horizons' Slovak Slovakia Vydavateľstvo Slovart 1994 Kréta könyvek 'Chalk Books' Hungarian Hungary Park Kiadó 1991 Mejniki 'Milestones' Slovene Slovenia DZS 1994 Atradimai Baltos lankos 'Baltos lankos Discoveries' Lithuanian Lithuania Baltos lankos 1997 Découvertes Univers: Colecțiile Cotidianul. Enciclopedica 'Univers Discoveries: Cotidianul. Encyclopaedic Collections' Romanian Romania ro 2007 Genel Kültür Dizisi 'General Culture Series' Turkish Turkey Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2001 Ανακαλύψεις Δεληθανάση 'Delithanasi Discoveries' Greek Greece Αστέρης Δεληθανάσης (Asteris Delithanasis) 1990 Открытие 'Discovery' Russian Russia AST 2001 Биография искусства 'Biography of the Arts' Russian Russia Манн, Иванов и Фербер 2019 اكتشافات غاليمار 'Gallimard Discoveries' Lebanese Arabic Lebanon دار المجاني (Dar Al Majani; lit. 'Free House') 2011 知の再発見 'Rediscovery of Knowledge' Japanese Japan 創元社 1990 發現之旅(Voyage D'exploration) 'Voyage of Discoveries' Traditional Chinese Taiwan 時報文化 1994 发现之旅(Voyage D'exploration) 'Voyage of Discoveries' Simplified Chinese China Published by various publishers 1998 시공 디스커버리 총서(Sigong Discovery) 'Sigong Discovery series' Korean South Korea Sigongsa 1995