Жүз қызылының себептері мен емдеу жолдары

Skin condition resulting in redness, pimples and swelling, usually on the face

Rosacea typically begins with reddening (flushing) of the skin in symmetrical patches near the center of the face. rosacea (also known as "vascular rosacea"

In glandular rosacea, men with thick sebaceous skin predominate, a disease in which the papules are edematous, and the pustules are often 0.5 to 1.0 cm in size, with nodulocystic lesions often present. These steroids are often prescribed for seborrheic dermatitis. Dosage should be slowly decreased and not immediately stopped to avoid a flare up.

In 2007, Richard Gallo and colleagues noticed that patients with rosacea had high levels of cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide, and elevated levels of stratum corneum tryptic enzymes (SCTEs). Antibiotics have been used in the past to treat rosacea, but they may only work because they inhibit some SCTEs. A 2007, National Rosacea Society funded study demonstrated that Demodex folliculorum mites may be a cause or exacerbating factor in rosacea. The researchers identified Bacillus oleronius as a distinct bacterium associated with Demodex mites. When analyzing blood samples using a peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation assay, they discovered that B. oleronius stimulated an immune system response in 79 percent of 22 patients with subtype 2 (papulopustular) rosacea, compared with only 29% of 17 subjects without the disorder. They concluded, "The immune response results in inflammation, as evident in the papules (bumps) and pustules (pimples) of subtype 2 rosacea. This suggests that the B. oleronius bacteria found in the mites could be responsible for the inflammation associated with the condition." The effectiveness of treating SIBO in rosacea patients may suggest that gut bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea lesions.

Most people with rosacea have only mild redness and are never formally diagnosed or treated. No test for rosacea is known. In many cases, simple visual inspection by a trained health care professional is sufficient for diagnosis. In other cases, particularly when pimples or redness on less common parts of the face is present, a trial of common treatments is useful for confirming a suspected diagnosis. The disorder can be confused or co exist with acne vulgaris or seborrheic dermatitis. The presence of a rash on the scalp or ears suggests a different or co existing diagnosis because rosacea is primarily a facial diagnosis, although it may occasionally appear in these other areas.

Certain behavioral changes may improve the symptoms of rosacea or help to prevent exacerbations. Keeping a symptoms diary to document potential symptom triggers and avoiding those triggers is recommended. Common exacerbating triggers include ultraviolet light and irritant cosmetics, therefore it is recommended that those with rosacea wear sunscreen (with a sun factor protection (SPF) of 30 or greater) and avoid cosmetics.

Medications with good evidence include topical metronidazole, ivermectin and azelaic acid. Lesser evidence supports tetracycline by mouth. Oral Beta blockers are often used for those with flushing due to rosacea. These include nadolol, propanolol or carvedilol. The possible adverse reactions of the oral beta blockers include low blood pressure, low heart rate or dizziness. An ivermectin cream has been approved by the FDA, as well as in Europe, for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea. The treatment is based upon the hypothesis that parasitic mites of the genus Demodex play a role in rosacea. In a clinical study, ivermectin reduced lesions by 83% over 4 months, as compared to 74% under a metronidazole standard therapy. Quassia amara extract at 4% demonstrated to have clinical efficacy for rosacea. When compared to metronidazole 0.75% as usual care in a randomized, double blinded clinical trial, Quassia amara extract at 4% demonstrated earlier onset of action, including improvement in telangiectasia, flushing, and papules. Quassia amara showed a sustained reduction of symptoms at 42 days of treatment. Cyclosporin eye drops have been shown to reduce symptoms in those with ocular rosacea. Cyclosporin should not be used in those with an active ocular infection. Systemic doxycycline modified release capsules are commonly used for the treatment of rosacea. The capsules are taken orally once daily, usually in a low dose, to achieve anti inflammatory effects. Doxycycline acts by inhibiting inflammation and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species associated with rosacea symptoms. The benefits of systemic doxycycline include its effectiveness in reducing inflammatory lesions, improving erythema, and controlling symptoms related to ocular involvement in rosacea patients; it is also well tolerated at lower doses compared to traditional higher dose regimens used for other indications. However, potential cons include gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea or abdominal pain, photosensitivity reactions that require sun protection measures during treatment, and rare instances of antibiotic associated diarrhea or bacterial resistance development with long term use.

The highly visible nature of rosacea symptoms are often psychologically challenging for those affected. People with rosacea can experience issues with self esteem, socializing, and changes to their thoughts, feelings, and coping mechanisms. Incidence varies by ethnicity, and is particularly prevalent in those with Celtic heritage. Men and women are equally likely to develop rosacea.