Нацистік Германияның терминдері мен ұғымдары

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This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans of Nazi Germany used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime. Some words were coined by Adolf Hitler and other Nazi Party members. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, and other terms were already in use during the Weimar Republic. Finally, some are taken from Germany's cultural tradition.

25 point programme – The Nazi Party platform and a codification of its ideology.

Kameradschafts und Gemeinschaftsstärkung – strengthening of comradeship and community; the Nazi Party's Gleichschaltung of social institutions. Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes (Militant Association of Retailers) – organization whose purpose was the opposition of retail chain stores which were thought to be under Jewish control. Kampfbund für Deutsche Kultur (League of Struggle for German Culture) – organization created in 1929, directed by Alfred Rosenberg for the promotion of German culture based on Hitler's views and those of National Socialist ideologues. It promoted völkisch ideas and advocated the Nazi notion of Gleichschaltung. Kampfzeit – "Struggle time". The NSDAP's term for the years between 1925 and 1933 in political opposition. Much glorified after 1933 as the heroic period of the NSDAP. Kanzlei des Führers der NSDAP ("Chancellery of the Führer of the Nazi Party"; abbreviated as KdF). The agency served as the private chancellery of Adolf Hitler, handling different issues pertaining to matters such as complaints against party officials, appeals from party courts, official judgments, clemency petitions by NSDAP members and Hitler's personal affairs. Kapo (Cabo) – A privileged prisoner work squad leader, within the concentration camps, labor camps, and death camps; an overseer of the Sonderkommando laborers. Oftentimes criminals sent to the camps were assigned kapo duty. While on duty, they would often be issued a whip or nightstick. Generally they had a reputation for brutality. Katyn Massacre – an incident blamed on the Nazis by Russian propaganda, which avowed that they (Russians) had discovered the mass grave of some 4,500 Polish officers. These officers were actually part of a group of 15,000 Poles who disappeared while in Soviet captivity in 1940 and whose whereabouts were unknown. The Soviet Union denied involvement in this atrocity until April 1990, when it was finally confirmed that the Polish officers had been executed during the early phase of the Nazi Soviet collaboration. They were killed on Stalin's order. Keppler Kreis (Keppler Circle) – advisory committee formed in 1932 under Hitler's prodding and through the influence of chemical manufacturer Wilhelm Keppler which consisted of leading economic figures (bankers, industrialists, and merchants) in Germany. The group was formed to provide economic advice to Hitler and the NSDAP, but Hitler manipulated the members and used these business leaders to help him seize absolute power. Kdf Wagen – official name of the Type I Volkswagen Beetle, a project of the Kraft durch Freude program. Kehlsteinhaus – The "Eagle's Nest," Hitler's summerhouse atop a mountain overlooking Obersalzberg, near Berchtesgaden. Not to be confused with the Berghof. Kinder, Küche, Kirche – "Children, Kitchen, Church" (part of Hitler's co ordination of every aspect of life to a state sponsored orthodoxy) – slogan delineating the proper role of women in the Nazi State. Hitler said, "National Socialism is a male movement." Kindersegen (Blessed with Children) – emotional term used by the Nazis to advocate the increase of the German birth rate. The expression accorded other Nazi initiatives like low interest marriage loans, grants, additional family allowances and child subsidies. Special honors and awards were given out to mothers who contributed children to the Reich. Kirchenkampf ('church struggle') – the conflict between German Christians and the dissenting Confessing Church for doctrinal and ecclesiastical control of Germany's Protestant church. It is also used to connote the struggle for independence between the German state and Christian churches both Protestant and Catholic. Kolberg – massively funded German propaganda film designed to commemorate the Prussian war against Napoleon in 1806–1807 during which the Prussians desperately "held down the fort" and was to symbolize the German struggle as it grew more desperate. The film finally premiered on 30 January 1945 and was viewed by very few people given the Allied bombing campaigns which were destroying the infrastructure in Germany and the mounting military losses. Kommandantur – German for military headquarters. By metonymy, during the war it designated in occupied countries both the commands themselves, the buildings where they were located (often in castles or luxury hotels or other grand buildings), and the territories of different administrative levels under their control. Kontinentalimperium – German World War II aim for achieving continental hegemony by territorial expansion into Eastern Europe. Contrast Kolonialimperium, the exclusive aim for an overseas imperial domain. Konzentrationslager often abbreviated KZ for concentration camp. The correct abbreviation would be KL, but KZ was chosen for the tougher sound. Concentration camps were established for the internment of those who were declared "enemies of the volk community" by the SS. Kraft durch Freude (KdF) – "strength through joy", state sponsored programs intended to organize people's free time, offering cheap holidays, concerts, other leisure activities, and (unsuccessfully) a car (Kdf Schiff, Kdf Wagen). It was initially called Nach der Arbeit. Kreditschöpfungstheorie – Gregor Strasser's idea for government spending and credit creation. Kreisauer Kreis (Kreisau Circle) – one of the principal opposition groups named after the estate of Helmuth Moltke (leading member) made up mostly of young intellectuals and aristocrats but also included a couple of Jesuit priests, Lutheran pastors, traditional conservatives, liberals, those who still supported the former Germany monarchy, prominent landowners, former trade union leaders and foreign diplomats. They attempted to find a respectable coup d'état which did not include Hitler's assassination since Moltke and many other members had Christian misgivings with this tactic. It was eventually infiltrated by the Gestapo and Moltke was arrested in January 1944. Kreisleiter – Nazi Party leader of a Kreis (county). Kreis Uschla – an intermediate level of the four tiered Uschla system, immediately below the Gau Uschla and immediately above the lowest level Orts Uschla. Kriegserlebnis – (myth of the) war experience. Kriegsmarine, "War Navy", one of the three official branches of the Wehrmacht. Kriegsschuldlüge (War Guilt Lie) – term used by Nazis to denounce article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles which stipulated that Germany was guilty for the First World War and demanded that Germany pay massive war reparations. Hitler especially stressed the imposition resultant from the Versaillesdiktat in his speeches and writings. Kriegsverdienstkreuz "War Merit Cross" – decoration for exceptional service not involving combat valor as was required for the Iron Cross. Awarded in three grades, 2nd Class, 1st Class, and Knight's Cross; with swords for frontline soldiers and without for rear area personnel and civilians. Kriegsverdienstmedaille "War Merit Medal" – decoration for meritorious civilian service to the war effort, generally awarded to factory workers. Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) – "Criminal Police" – In Nazi Germany, it became the national Criminal Police Department for the entire Reich in July 1936. It was merged, along with the Gestapo into the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo). Later in 1939, it was folded into the RSHA. The Kripo was also known as the "Reich Criminal Police Department", or RKPA. Kristallnacht or Reichskristallnacht – Crystal Night; refers to the "Night of Broken Glass", November 9–10, 1938, when mob violence against Jewish people broke out all over Germany. Kunstbolschewismus (Art Bolshevism) – derogatory catchword of Nazi propaganda, directed against modern and socially critical art. The term was applied by Hitler himself to painting, in particular: "The Bolshevism of art is the only possible cultural life form and spiritual expression of Bolshevism"; thus, the "officially recognized art" in Bolshevist states was represented by the "sickly outgrowths of insane and debilitated people that we have come to know since the turn of the [20th] century as Cubism and Dadaism" (Mein Kampf). Also see: Kulturbolschewismus (Cultural Bolshevism). Kursk – city in central Russia; name of the largest tank battle (July 5–15, 1943) of the war during which Germany lost the military initiative in the Eastern campaign.

Machtergreifung ('seizure of power') – along with Machtübernahme ('take over power'), referred to the acquisition of full political power when Hitler assumed the role of Chancellor on 30 January 1933. Madagaskarplan – Madagascar Plan – a scheme devised by the Nazis in 1940 to globally alleviate the perceived Jewish problem by shipping Jews en masse to the French colony known as the island of Madagascar. Instead of sending the Jews to Palestine, which the Nazis believed belonged to the Christians and Muslims, the idea was to hold them "hostage" so to speak, on Madagascar as a bargaining chip with the Americans. Financing this operation was to be conducted using funds forcibly appropriated from Jewish businesses, homes, and any other available capital assets in Jewish control. Since the plan rested on a peace treaty between France and by proxy, Britain, it was never implemented. This plan is sometimes cited by Nazi scholars of the "functionalist" school as proof that the original intention of the Nazis was not to systematically exterminate the Jews but merely to relocate them away from continental Europe. Maginotlinie – Maginot Line – fortification system constructed by the French along the eastern border to Germany during the 1930s, which the Germans forces easily outflanked in 1940. Maidanek – extermination camp in occupied Poland, near Lublin. Formerly a Nazi labor camp, Maidanek was transformed into an extermination facility (death camp) under the administrative leadership of Odilo Globocnik. Ultimately, upwards of 1.5 million people were killed there, most by gassing. Maifeiertag (May Holiday) – May 1; one of the most important Nazi holidays designed to celebrate and recognize laborers. Mann – lowest rank in the SA and Allgemeine SS, equivalent to private. Männerbund – bond of men, a distinctly masculine mystique which became an essential part of SA ideology (see male bonding). Marburger Rede (Marburg Speech) – a speech made on 17 June 1934 by Franz von Papen at the University of Marburg, during which he criticized the Nazi regime, called for greater freedom in Germany, and questioned the course the Nazis were taking. The speech infuriated Hitler and placed him in disfavor with the dictator. Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (March on the Feldherrnhalle) – annual memorial celebrated to commemorate the 9 November 1923 putsch by Hitler and Erich Ludendorff during which 16 National Socialist victims/martyrs gave their lives. To honor them into the Nazi pantheon, their names were loudly called, a solemn affair accompanied by torchlight and rolling drums; one of many Nazi memorialization events designed to legitimize and celebrate the regime. Märzveilchen – "March Violets." Those who joined the NSDAP after the Reichstag elections of March 1933. Generally, the "March Violets" were assumed to join the Party for opportunistic reasons only and were held in contempt by the Old Fighters. Also called Märzgefallene or "March casualties." Mauthausen – small town in upper Austria which was also the location of an infamous concentration camp designed to punish or re educate political prisoners. Conditions were abysmal and people died of exposure and starvation there, as well as exhaustion since it was also affiliated with the granite mining operations of the German Earth and Stone Works, an SS company. Numerous forms of human experimentation occurred on healthy prisoners at the site as did euthanasia on those unable to work. Mehr sein als scheinen "Be more than you appear to be." – Motto applied to blades of uniform daggers worn by the Nationalpolitsche Erziehungsanstalten, or NPEA, the National Political Educational Establishment. Mein Kampf – "My Struggle", Adolf Hitler's autobiography and political statement. Meine Ehre heißt Treue "My honor is loyalty" – Motto applied to the belt buckles and the blades of uniform daggers worn by the Schutzstaffel, or SS. Meier – pejorative and humorous nickname for Hermann Göring who on 9 August 1939 exclaimed that he could be called Meier should any enemy planes appear over Germany. His self assurance of air superiority became laughable once the Allied powers established air dominance and began methodically bombing Germany during World War II. Metallspende des deutschen Volkes (Metal Donation of the German People) – program to collect various metals needed to support the German raw materials economy which was directed towards German armaments. Militärbefehlshaber – military Governor, who was the (single) head of the executive in an occupied country (when no Reichskommissar was appointed). Mischling – used in reference to an individual with alleged partial Jewish ancestry; some were treated as full blooded Jews, others were subject to various restrictions. Mit brennender Sorge – An encyclical by Pope Pius XI warning against the Nazis. Mittelbau (Central Structure) – abbreviated code name for Dora Mittelbau or Mittelbau Dora. It was an underground armament facility specifically designed to mass produce the German Wunderwaffen ("wonder weapons") known as the V 1 and V 2 rockets free from Allied bombing attacks. Mittelbau was also considered a sub camp to Buchenwald concentration camp since the majority of its forced laborers were from there. At its peak, 30,000 forced laborers worked in the facility. Mittelstand – Germans in the middle class economic sphere which was made up of independent shopkeepers and craftsmen and was credited (through propaganda) with empowering the Nazis. Münchner Abkommen – Munich Agreement – an agreement reached between Great Britain, Germany, France, and Italy, signed in Munich on 29 September 1938, ceding the Sudetenland to Germany. Muselmann – "an inmate who had resigned himself to death and lost the will to do anything to help himself survive". (1)
Mutterkreuz – see Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter. Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts, Der (Myth of the Twentieth Century) – polemical treatise written by Nazi ideologue Alfred Rosenberg which espoused that all great culture in western civilization came from the minds of Germanic peoples but they had fallen in decline due to the negative influence of Jewish based Christianity, Jesuits, Freemasons, and "conspirators of international Jewry". In his book, Rosenberg stressed that current and future struggles would not be ideological dogma, but blood against blood, and race against race for global dominance.

Pan Germanism – Idea that all Germans should live in one country. Panzerkampfwagen – "Armoured fighting vehicle" (i. e. tank); military vehicle not specific to Third Reich, but listed here for its centrality to Blitzkrieg. Panzerfaust – "Armour fist"; an inexpensive, disposable, no recoil anti tank weapon of World War II and forerunner of the Soviet RPG (rocket propelled grenade). Panzerschreck – An anti tank weapon of World War II, similar to the American bazooka. Parole der Woche – Wall newspaper used to publicise Nazi causes. Partei Statistik – 1935 Nazi Party three volume publication of membership data. Parteitag – (NSDAP) Party (rally) days. Pipel or Pipele – Among Nazi concentration camp detainees, an attractive young boy or teen who receives special favor and privileges by maintaining a relationship with another detainee of higher status, like a camp guard or a Kapo. It was largely known in the Camp system that quite a number of guards and Kapos abused their boys sexually. Planwirtschaft – A limited planned economy; Walther Funk promoted this idea within the Nazi party who thought genuine corporatism too stifling for business growth. Plutokratie – "Plutocracy"; Nazi term for the western capitalist countries, especially the US and the UK. Plötzensee – Notorious prison in Berlin where numerous opponents of Hitler and the Nazi regime were put to death. Prinzenerlass – 1940 decree by Hitler prohibiting members of Germanic royal families from working for the military. Project Riese – Code name for a construction project in 1943–1945, consisting of seven underground structures located in the Owl Mountains and Książ Castle in Lower Silesia. Putsch – German word meaning coup or revolt; has also entered the English language meaning the same.