Фуцин қаласы: географиясы, халқы және тарихы

(; Foochow Romanized: Hók chiăng; also romanized as Hokchia) is a county level city of Fujian Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture level city of Fuzhou.

Fuqing is located on the north central section of the coast of Fujian, south of the urban area of Fuzhou and north of Putian. It is the southernmost administrative division of Fuzhou on the mainland and is the only county level city under the administration of Fuzhou. To the northwest of Fuqing lies Yongtai County, on its northern border is Minhou County, and to its northeast is the district of Changle. The entire southwestern land border is shared with Hanjiang, Putian. The territory of Fuqing also includes over 100 islands, named for two of its major towns, Longtian and Gaoshan. This peninsula also forms two major bays: Fuqing Bay (s=福清湾) to its north, and Xinghua Bay (s=兴化湾) to its south. The jagged coastline has given rise to a multitude of harbors and ports, including Haikou, situated at the mouth of the Lóng.

Fuqing, as well as most of the rest of Fujian, is known for its large number of emigrants, or huaqiao. The first wave of emigration started in 1940s; most common destinations during that time were Indonesia, Singapore, and East Malaysia. Some became among the richest men in Southeast Asia, e. g. Sudono Salim (Salim Group), Hendra Rahardja, Rachman Halim (Gudang Garam), Henry Kwee Hian Liong (Pontiac Land Group). Overseas Fuqingese assembled into associations for mutual support, including the International Association of Fuqing, Perkumpulan Fuqing (Indonesia), and Singapore Futsing Association.

Fuqing has its own dialect (s=福清话, Bàng uâ cê: Hók chiăng uâ, IPA in the local dialect: //), classified as part of the Houguan branch of Eastern Min. It is closely related to the Fuzhou dialect, and the two are mutually intelligible to quite a high extent, although not completely. Due to the hilly terrain and the isolation between villages, there is a large amount of dialectal variation. Songs sung in Fuqing dialect are available online. Most of its people can also speak Mandarin, which is used in schools, businesses, and to communicate with people from different parts of the province. There are also scattered villages that speak predominantly Southern Min varieties, with their populations coming from the Jinjiang, Zhangpu and Hui'an, among other areas of southern Fujian. Guangbing (光饼): Guangbing is a bread product that is baked and shaped like a sesame seeded burger bun top. In 1562, the Japanese invaded Fujian province. General Qi Jiguang was charged to drive the invaders out of Fujian. In order not to let the meal time slow down their marching speed, General Qi invented a kind of bread which was shaped into a ring at that time, so his soldiers could wear a string of those breads around their neck. After the victory, the recipe of this bread product was spread throughout the province and named Guangbing after General Qi. Nowadays, there is no longer a hole in the center of a Guangbing, and there are various kinds of Guangbing developed in different areas in Fujian province, which don’t look the same. Fuqing Guangbing is made of the flour, sugar and salt which are all locally produced, as well as the excellent Fuqing sesame seeds, which are very big and taste better than ordinary small sesame seeds. Guangbing was handed down by people to commemorate Qi Jiguang's achievements, which has been used and developed to this day. The people of Fuqing not only passed down the making method of Guangbing, but also passed down the culture to make ritual offerings, Guangbing, to their ancestors. Oyster Patties (海蛎饼): Oyster patties are a fried snack made of rice flour (pulp), soya bean powder (pulp), oyster, pork, cabbage and seaweed. Fish Ball (鱼丸): Fuqing fish balls are balls of fish mince made from eels, mackerel or freshwater fish, and sweet potato flour mixed evenly to make its wrappers. Inside, they contain the mince of pork or shrimp. On the first day of the new year, people in Fuqing like many across the Eastern Fujian region commonly eat xianmian (s=线面), an extra thin wheat noodle, with the addition of two duck eggs to represent longevity. In the local language, the term for "duck egg" (s=鸭卵, BUC: ák lâung) has a pronunciation similar or the same as that of "suppress chaos" (s=压乱, BUC: ák lâung); thus the eggs represent peace and stability. The dish is often given the name 'peace noodles' (s=太平面). A similar combination is also commonly eaten on birthdays, where it is dubbed 'longevity noodles' (s=长寿面). The second day of the new year is the day to visit and comfort the family that have lost their family members in the previous year (s=拜初二, alternatively in s=拜新座). On that day, people thus avoid visiting families where nobody died in the previous year, regarding such a visit as unlucky.

The main customs of the Lantern Festival include eating yuanxiao, dragon and lion dance, Shehuo, lantern riddles, stilt, boat, row, and walking on the Li Bridge.

The most important part of the winter solstice festival is making glutinous rice balls and preparing the red orange and ten pairs of chopsticks. The red orange stands for blessing and the ten pairs of chopsticks stand for family reunion. People also light a pair of red candles to represent prosperity.

The essential part of the Qingming Festival is to offer sacrifices that are often made from paper, as well as fire incense and firecrackers in front of the tomb. After sweeping the tomb, people take some pine branches or flowers back home for good luck.

Fuqing has two railway stations. Fuqing railway station was opened on April 26, 2010, on the Fuzhou–Xiamen railway, and is situated south of the urban area. A second railway station, Fuqing West railway station on the Fuzhou–Xiamen high speed railway, was opened to the public on September 28, 2023. The principal means of public transportation within the city is the bus system, with most of the towns of the peninsula also being served.