Антуан Жан Гро: Француз суретшісі және Наполеон заманының шебері

French painter
the 19th century French diplomat known as Baron Gros

Antoine Jean Gros (ɑ̃twanʒɑ̃ gʁo; 16 March 177125 June 1835) was a French painter of historical subjects. He was granted the title of Baron Gros in 1824. Gros studied under Jacques Louis David in Paris and began an independent artistic career during the French Revolution. Forced to leave France, Gros moved to Genoa. His portrait of French commander Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Arcole in 1796 brought Gros to public attention and gained the patronage of Napoleon. After traveling with Napoleon's army for several years, he returned to Paris in 1799. In addition to producing several large paintings of battles and other events in Napoleon's life, Gros was a successful portraitist.

Born in Paris, Gros began learning to draw at the age of six from his father, Jean Antoine Gros, who was a miniature painter, and showed himself to be a gifted artist. His mother, Pierrette Madeleine Cécile Durand, was also a painter. Towards the close of 1785, Gros, by his own choice, entered the studio of Jacques Louis David, which he frequented assiduously, continuing at the same time to follow the classes of the Collège Mazarin. The death of his father, whose circumstances had been embarrassed by the French Revolution, threw Gros upon his own resources in 1791. He now devoted himself wholly to his profession, and he competed (unsuccessfully) in 1792 for the grand prix. Around this time, however, on the recommendation of the École des Beaux Arts, he painted portraits of the members of the National Convention, but as the Revolution developed, Gros left France in 1793 for Italy. to Napoleon's jealousy of Jean Andoche Junot, the general in the painting. Gros was commissioned to paint Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa, which is now in the Louvre. This was followed in 1806 by Gros's Bataille d’Aboukir, 25 Juillet 1799 (Joachim Murat at the Battle of Abukir) now at Versailles; and in 1808 by his Napoléon sur le champ de bataille d'Eylau, le 9 février 1807 (Napoleon at the battlefield after the Battle of Eylau) now in the Louvre.

At the Salon of 1804, Gros debuted his painting Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa. The painting launched his career as a successful painter. It depicts Bonaparte in Jaffa visiting soldiers infected with the bubonic plague. He is portrayed reaching out to one of the sick, unfazed by the illness. According to P. Jill Morse, Napoleon commissioned Gros to paint the scene to neutralize British propaganda. The propaganda focused on two episodes of the Egyptian campaign (1798 1800). First when he ordered the massacre of Turkish prisoners. Second, when he ordered the death by poison of French soldiers suffering from the plague. The painting showed a compassionate Napoleon visiting the sick at the plague hospital. Morse adds that Gros was probably using the disease as a metaphor for the vanity of Napoleon and his First Empire. While Bonaparte did actually visit the pesthouse, later, as his army prepared to withdraw from Syria, he ordered the poisoning (with laudanum) of about fifty of his plague infected men.

In 1810, his Madrid and Napoleon at the Pyramids (Versailles) show that Napoleon had deserted him. His Francis I and Charles V, 1812 (Louvre), had considerable success.

Gros was made a member of the Legion of Honour on 22 October 1808 by Napoleon, after the Salon of 1808, where he had exhibited the Battle of Eylau. a professor at the École des Beaux Arts, and a member of the Order of Saint Michael. He was granted the title of baron in 1824 by King Charles X of France. M. Delcluze gave a brief notice of his life in Louis David et son temps ("Louis David and his times"), and Julius Meyer's Geschichte der modernen französischen Malerei ("History of Modern French Painting") contains what Britannica cites as an excellent criticism on his works.

Image Title Date Dimensions Collection Autoportrait 1795 Palace of Versailles Madame Pasteur 1795–1796 The Louvre Portrait of Madame Bruyere 1796 79 × 65 cm Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole 1796 130 × 94 cm Palace of Versailles The Death of Timophanes 1798 44.4 × 57.6 cm The Louvre Portrait of Christine Boyer c. 1800 214 × 134 cm The Louvre The Battle of Nazareth 1801 136.1 x 196.4 cm Musée des Beaux Arts de Nantes Sappho at Leucate 1801 122 × 100 cm Musée Baron Gérard, Bayeux Bonaparte, First Consul 1802 205 × 127 cm Musée de la Légion d'honneur Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa 1804 715 × 523 cm The Louvre Gérard Christophe Michel Duroc, duc de Frioul (1772–1813) 1805 218 × 142 cm Palace of Versailles Battle of Aboukir, 25 July 1799 1806 578 × 968 cm Palace of Versailles Battle of Eylau, 9 February 1807 1807 104.9 × 145.1 cm The Louvre Impératrice Joséphine 1808 Musée des Beaux Arts de Nice Portrait of the French composer Pierre Zimmermann 1808 118.5 × 91 cm Palace of Versailles Equestrian portrait of Jérôme Bonaparte c. 1808 321 × 265 cm Palace of Versailles Equestrian portrait of Prince Boris Yusupov 1809 321 × 266 cm Pushkin Museum Battle of the Pyramids 1810 389 × 311 cm Palace of Versailles Napoleon accepts the surrender of Madrid, 4 December 1808 1810 361 × 500 cm Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles) The Horse of Mustapha Pasha c. 1810 89 × 175 cm Musée des Beaux Arts et d'archéologie de Besançon Portrait of General Claude Legrand c. 1810 245 × 172 cm Palace of Versailles Portrait of Second Lieutenant Charles Legrand c. 1810 249 × 162 cm Los Angeles County Museum of Art The Apotheosis of Saint Genevieve 1811–1824 Panthéon de Paris François I and Charles V Visiting the Church of Saint Denis 1812 The Louvre Equestrian portrait of Joachim Murat 1812 89 × 175 cm Musée des Beaux Arts et d'archéologie de Besançon General Baston de Lariboisière and his son Ferdinand c. 1815 Musée de l'Armée Honoré Charles Baston de Lariboisière 1815 73 × 59 cm Private collection Departure of Louis XVIII from the Palace of the Tuileries on the Night of 20 March 1815 1817 405 × 525 cm Palace of Versailles Embarkation of Madame d'Angoulême 1819 326 × 504 cm Musée des Beaux Arts de Bordeaux Count Jean Antoine Chaptal 1824 Musée des Beaux Arts de Bordeaux Portrait of Madame Récamier 1825 62.3 × 51.2 cm Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Genius of France Giving Life to the Arts and Protecting Humanity c. 1827 The Louvre Hercules and Diomedes 1835 426 × 324 cm Musée des Augustins Portrait of Pierre Daru 19th century 216 × 142 cm Palace of Versailles