Аустрия жазушысы Хаймито фон Додерердің өмірі мен шығармашылығы

Austrian writer

Franz Carl Heimito, Ritter von Doderer, known as Heimito von Doderer (; 5 September 189623 December 1966), was an Austrian writer.

Heimito von Doderer was born in Weidlingau, which has been part of the 14th District of Vienna since 1938, in a forester's lodge where his family stayed while his father, the architect and engineer Wilhelm Carl Gustav von Doderer [de] (1854, Klosterbruck , Znaim 1932, Vienna) worked on the regulation of the Wien River. The lodge was not preserved; today a memorial marks the site. Wilhelm Carl Doderer also worked on the construction of the Tauern Railway, the Kiel Canal and the Wiener Stadtbahn public transport network. His brother Richard (18761955) and his father Carl Wilhelm Christian von Doderer [de] (1825, Heilbronn 1900, Vienna; ennobled in 1877) were also noted architects and industrialists. Carl Wilhelm's wife Maria von Greisinger [de] (18351914) was related through her mother to the Austrian poet Nikolaus Lenau. Doderer's mother, Wilhelm Carl's wife Louise Wilhelmine "Willy" von Hügel (18621946), was the daughter of the established German building contractor Heinrich von Hügel [de] (18281899), who had worked with her later husband on several railway projects. Her sister Charlotte married Max von Ferstel [de] (1859, Vienna 1936, Vienna), son of Heinrich von Ferstel, architect of the Vienna Votive Church. Max von Ferstel designed the plans for the Doderer family home in the Vienna Landstraße district. Until World War I, the Doderer family ranked among the wealthiest industrial dynasties of the Austro Hungarian monarchy. Heimito was the youngest of six children. His unusual first name was a German phonetic spelling of the Spanish name Jaimito, a diminutive of Jaime (James). As Louise Wilhelmine was Protestant, her children likewise were baptised Protestant, although they grew up in a mainly Catholic environment.

Heimito von Doderer spent most of his life in Vienna, where he attended the gymnasium (secondary school) with moderate success. He spent his summers in his family's retreat in Reichenau an der Rax. The adolescent entered into a homoerotic romantic affair with his home tutor and gained bisexual and sadomasochistic experiences as a frequent brothel visitor. In 1914, he narrowly passed his matura exams and enrolled to study law at the University of Vienna; however, in April 1915 he joined the dragoon regiment No. 3 of the Austro Hungarian Army and served in the mounted infantry at the Eastern Front in Galicia and Bukovina. On 12 July 1916 (during the Brusilov Offensive) he was captured as a prisoner of war by the Imperial Russian Army in the area of Tlumach. A long way from home, in a Russian Far East camp for officer POWs in Krasnaya Rechka near Khabarovsk, he decided to become an author and began writing. Upon the Treaty of Brest Litovsk he was released by the Bolshevik government but had to make his way back to Austria through the Russian Civil War. Stranded in Samara, Doderer and his comrades again turned to the East, finding refuge in a Red Cross camp near Krasnoyarsk, cared for by Elsa Brändström. Many men had died from typhoid fever during their flight. Doderer stayed in Siberia until his eventual return to Austria in 1920; he finally reached Vienna on 14 August. His first published work, the book of poems Gassen und Landschaft ("Streets and countryside"), appeared in 1923, followed by the novel Die Bresche ("The breach") in 1924, both with little success. A second novel, Das Geheimnis des Reichs ("The secret of the empire"), was published in 1930. In the same year he married Gusti Hasterlik, but they separated two years later and were divorced in 1938. In 1933 Doderer joined the Austrian section of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and published several stories in the Deutschösterreichische Tages Zeitung ("German Austrian Daily"), a newspaper closely linked to the party and promoting racism and the incorporation of Austria into Nazi Germany. In 1936 he moved to Dachau, Germany, where he met Emma Maria Thoma, who would become his second wife in 1952. In Germany, he renewed his NSDAP membership (the Austrian Nazi Party had been banned since 1933). He returned to Vienna in 1938, sharing a flat with the celebrated painter Albert Paris Gütersloh. In that year his novel Ein Mord, den jeder begeht (Every Man a Murderer) was published. He converted to Catholicism in 1940 as a result of his reading of Thomas Aquinas and his alienation from the Nazis, which had been growing for some years. Also in 1940, Doderer was called up to the Wehrmacht and was later posted to German occupied France, where he began work on his most celebrated novel Die Strudlhofstiege (the name refers to the so called Strudlhofstiege, an outdoor staircase in Vienna). Due to ill health, he was allowed in 1943 to return from France, serving in the Vienna area, before a final posting to Oslo at the end of the war. After his return to Austria in early 1946, he was banned from publishing until 1947. He continued work on Die Strudlhofstiege, but although he completed it in 1948, the still obscure author was unable to get it published immediately. However, when it did finally appear in 1951, it was a huge success, and Doderer's place in the post war Austrian literary scene was assured. Doderer subsequently returned to an earlier unfinished project, Die Dämonen ("The demons"), which appeared in 1956 to much acclaim. In 1958 he began work on what was intended to be a four volume novel under the general title of Roman Nr. 7 ("Novel No. 7"), to be written as a counterpart to Beethoven's Seventh Symphony. The first volume Die Wasserfälle von Slunj, appeared in 1963; the second volume, Der Grenzwald, was to be his last work and was published, incomplete and posthumously, in 1967. Doderer died in Vienna of intestinal cancer on 23 December 1966.

Die Bresche (1924). The Breach
Das Geheimnis des Reichs (1930). The Secret of the Empire, trans. John S. Barrett (1998)
Ein Mord, den jeder begeht (1938). Every Man a Murderer, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (1964)
Ein Umweg (1940). A Detour
Die erleuchteten Fenster oder die Menschwerdung des Amtsrates Julius Zihal (1951). The Lighted Windows, trans. John S. Barrett (1999)
Die Strudlhofstiege oder Melzer und die Tiefe der Jahre (1951). The Strudlhof Steps, trans. Vincent Kling (New York Review Books, 2021)
Die Dämonen: Nach der Chronik des Sektionsrates Geyrenhoff (1956). The Demons, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (Knopf, 1961)
Die Merowinger oder die totale Familie (1962). The Merowingians, trans. Vinal Overing Binner (1996)
Roman Nr.7/I. Die Wasserfälle von Slunj (1962). Novel No. 7/I: The Waterfalls of Slunj, trans. Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser (Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966)
Roman No. 7/II. Der Grenzwald (1967, posthumous). Novel No. 7/II: The Border Forest

Gassen und Landschaft (1923). Streets and Countryside
Ein Weg im Dunkeln (1957). A Path in the Dark