Кіріспе
Боливияның географиясына Боливияны шамамен солтүстіктен оңтүстікке қарай екіге бөлетін Шығыс Анды тау жотасы (Ориенталдық Кордильера деп те аталады) кіреді. Сол тау тізбегінің шығысында Амазонка бассейнінің жазық далалары, ал батысында Титикака көлі орналасқан Альтиплано – жоғартқы платосы жатыр. Боливияның географиясы, Боливияның солтүстік-батыс шекарасына жақын орналасқан Перуге ұқсас ерекшеліктерге ие; Боливия сияқты, Перу да Шығыс Анды тауларымен солтүстіктен оңтүстікке қарай екіге бөлінген, және бұл екі ел Жер бетіндегі ең биік кеме жүретін көл – Титикака көлін бөліседі. Дегенмен, Перуден өзгеше, Боливия Оңтүстік Америкадағы теңізге шығу жолы жоқ екі елдің бірі, ал екіншісі – Боливияның оңтүстік-шығыс шекарасында орналасқан Парагвай.
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The geography of Bolivia includes the Eastern Andes Mountain Range (also called the Cordillera Oriental) which bisects Bolivia roughly from north to south. To the east of that mountain chain are lowland plains of the Amazon Basin, and to the west is the Altiplano which is a highland plateau where Lake Titicaca is located. Bolivia's geography has features similar to those of Peru which abuts Bolivia's northwest border; like Bolivia, Peru is bisected from north to south by the Eastern Andes Mountains, and these two countries share Lake Titicaca which is the highest navigable lake on Earth. Unlike Peru, however, Bolivia is one of the two landlocked countries in South America, the other being Paraguay which is located along Bolivia's southeast border.
The geography of Bolivia includes the Eastern Andes Mountain Range (also called the Cordillera Oriental) which bisects Bolivia roughly from north to south. To the east of that mountain chain are lowland plains of the Amazon Basin, and to the west is the Altiplano which is a highland plateau where Lake Titicaca is located. Bolivia's geography has features similar to those of Peru which abuts Bolivia's northwest border; like Bolivia, Peru is bisected from north to south by the Eastern Andes Mountains, and these two countries share Lake Titicaca which is the highest navigable lake on Earth. Unlike Peru, however, Bolivia is one of the two landlocked countries in South America, the other being Paraguay which is located along Bolivia's southeast border.
Өзендер
Кордильера Реалдың солтүстік-шығыс жағы Юнга деп аталады, бұл аймара және кечуа тілдеріндегі "yunka" сөзінен шыққан, "жылы аңғар" деген мағынаны білдіреді. Ла-Пас қаласының солтүстік-шығысында орналасқан, негізінен жартылай тропикалық бұл аңғардың тік, көбінесе қол жеткізбес беткейлері мен шыңдары Боливияның ең таңғажайып көріністерін ұсынады. Жауын-шашын мөлшері көп, ал тар өзен аңғарларының қабырғаларына қалың өсімдіктер жабысқан. Бұл жер Боливиядағы ең құнарлы жерлердің бірі, бірақ нашар көлік инфрақұрылымы ауыл шаруашылығының дамуына кедергі келтірді. Үкімет 1917 жылы Ла-Пасты шығыс жазықтарымен байланыстыру үшін Юнга арқылы темір жол салуға тырысты. Дегенмен, темір жол тек 150 шақырымы салынғаннан кейін тоқтатылды. Орталық Кордильераның шығыс беткейлері күрделі солтүстік-оңтүстік бағыттағы жоталар мен төбелердің тізбегі арқылы бірте-бірте төмендейді. Шығысқа қарай ағатын өзендер ұзын, тар аңғарларды ойып жасайды; осы аңғарлар мен жоталар арасындағы алқаптар егін шаруашылығы мен қоныстану үшін қолайлы. Төменгі жазықтар бай аллювиалды топырақтармен толы, бірақ кейбір аймақтарда өсімдік жамылғысының жойылуы эрозияға әкеп соқты. Аңғарлардың биіктігі теңіз деңгейінен 2000-3000 метр аралығында, бұл Альтипланоға қарағанда ыстық температураны қамтамасыз етеді. Сукре, Кочабамба қалалары және Тариха облысының жоғарғы бөлігі осы кең аймақтың алқаптарында орналасқан.
The northeastern flank of the Cordillera Real is known as the Yungas, from the Aymara and Quechua word yunka meaning "warm valley". The steep, almost inaccessible slopes and peaks of this mainly semitropical valley area northeast of La Paz offer some of the most spectacular scenery in Bolivia. Rainfall is heavy, and lush vegetation clings to the sides of narrow river valleys. The land is among the most fertile in Bolivia, but poor transport has hindered its agricultural development. The government attempted to build a railway through the Yungas in 1917 to connect La Paz with the eastern lowlands. The railway was abandoned, however, after completion of only 150 kilometres. The eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central descend gradually in a series of complex north–south ranges and hills. Rivers, draining to the east, have cut long narrow valleys; these valleys and the basins between the ranges are favorable areas for crops and settlement. Rich alluvial soils fill the low areas, but erosion has followed the removal of vegetation in some places. The valley floors range from 2,000 to 3,000 metres above sea level, and this lower elevation means milder temperatures than those of the Altiplano. The cities of Sucre, Cochabamba and the upper area of Tarija department, are located in basins of this vast region.
Төменгі жерлер
Шығыс жазықтарына Анд тауларының солтүстігі мен шығысындағы Боливияның барлық аймақтары кіреді. Елдің аумағының үштен екісінен астам бөлігін құрайтын бұл аймақ сиреп қоныстанған және соңғы кезге дейін экономикада маңызды рөл атқармаған. Топография мен климаттың ерекшеліктері жазықтарды үш аймаққа бөледі. Бени және Пандо департаменттері мен Кочабамба департаментінің солтүстік бөлігінен тұратын солтүстік жазық аймағы ылғалды тропикалық орманды құрайды. Көптеген жерлердің беткі қабаты сазды топырақпен жабылғандықтан, су өткізгіштігі нашар, ал мол жаңбыр аймақтың үлкен бөлігін батпаққа айналдырады. Санта-Крус департаментінің солтүстік жартысын құрайтын орталық аймақта, солтүстікке қарағанда көбінесе төбелі және құрғақ климат басым. Орман мен саванна кезектесіп орналасқан, ал көптеген жерлер егіс үшін пайдаланылады. Бұл аймақта Боливияның ең ірі қаласы – Санта-Крус және елдің мұнай мен табиғи газ қорының көп бөлігі орналасқан. Жазықтың оңтүстік-шығыс бөлігі Гран-Чаконың бір бөлігі болып табылады. Жылдың тоғыз айында жаңбыр жаумайды, ал үш ай бойы мол жаңбыр аймақты су басады. Жаңбырдың күрт өзгеруі тікенді бұталы өсімдіктер мен мал жаюға ғана мүмкіндік береді, бірақ Анд тауларының етегінде табиғи газ бен мұнайдың жақында табылуы аймаққа жаңа қоныс іздеушілерді тартты. Боливияның маңызды өзендерінің көпшілігі суға толы жазықтардың солтүстік бөлігінде, әсіресе Альто-Бениде (Жоғарғы Бениде) орналасқан, онда кофе және какао сияқты егістерге қолайлы жағдайлар бар. Солтүстік жазықтарды кең және баяу ағатын өзендер кесіп өтеді, олардың ішіндегі ең ірілері – Маморе, Бени және Мадре-де-Диос – солтүстікке қарай ағып, Бразилиядағы Мадейра өзеніне, содан кейін Амазонка өзеніне құяды. Бени және Маморе өзендерімен жүретін кемелер жолаушылар мен жүк тасымалын жүзеге асырады; Мадейрадағы таяздықтар Бразилияға қарай кеме қатынасын қиындатады. Парагвай шекарасына жақын жерде, маусымдық су ағынын Пилкомайо немесе Парагвай өзендеріне жеткізетін құмды арналар бар. Сонымен қатар, әлемдегі ең үлкен ылғалды жер – Пантанальдың бір бөлігі Боливияда орналасқан. Шығыс Боливия жазық деп сипатталғанына қарамастан, Анд тауларынан тыс жерлерде де таулар мен тау тізбектері кездеседі. Бұл таулардың ең танымалдары – Санта-Крус департаментінің шығысындағы орманды Серранияс Чикитанас.
The eastern lowlands include all of Bolivia north and east of the Andes. Although comprising over two thirds of the national territory, the region is sparsely populated and, until recently, has played a minor role in the economy. Differences in topography and climate separate the lowlands into three areas. The flat northern area, made up of Beni and Pando Departments and the northern part of Cochabamba Department, consists of rainforest. Because much of the topsoil is underlain by claypan, drainage is poor, and heavy rainfall periodically converts vast parts of the region to swamp. The central area, comprising the northern half of Santa Cruz Department, has gently rolling hills and a drier climate than the north. Forests alternate with savanna, and much of the land has been cleared for cultivation. Santa Cruz, the largest city in the lowlands, is located here, as are most of Bolivia's petroleum and natural gas reserves. The southeastern part of the lowlands is part of the Gran Chaco. Virtually rainless for nine months of the year, this area becomes flooded for the three months of heavy rains. The extreme variation in rainfall supports only thorny scrub vegetation and cattle grazing, although recent discoveries of natural gas and petroleum near the foothills of the Andes have attracted some settlers to the region. Most of Bolivia's important rivers are found in the water rich northern parts of the lowlands, particularly in the Alto Beni (Upper Beni), where the land is suitable for crops such as coffee and cacao. The northern lowlands are drained by wide, slow moving rivers, the three largest of which—the Mamoré, Beni, and Madre de Dios—all flow northward into the Madeira River in Brazil and eventually into the River Amazon. Riverboats along the Beni and the Mamoré carry both passenger and freight traffic; rapids on the Madeira prevent river traffic farther into Brazil. Near the Paraguayan border, shallow sandy streams carry the seasonal runoff into the Pilcomayo or Paraguay rivers. Also, the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland of any kind, has some of its area in Bolivia. Despite the fact that eastern Bolivia is described as lowland there are some mountains and mountain ranges well beyond the Andes. The most notable of these mountains are the forested Serranías Chiquitanas in eastern Santa Cruz Department.
Климат
Боливияда әртүрлі географиялық аймақтар мен климаттар бар, олардың арасында ең бастысы үш түрлі: Анд (аумақтың 28%), Анд алды (13%) және жазықтар (59%). Боливияның климаты бір экологиялық аймақтан екіншісіне күрт өзгереді, шығыстағы Льянос аймағындағы тропикалық климаттан бастап, батыстағы Анд тауларындағы полярлық климатқа дейін. Жаз айларында шығыс бөлігінде ыстық әрі ылғалды, ал батыс бөлігінде құрғақ болады. Жаңбырлар температураны, ылғалдылықты, желді, атмосфералық қысымды және булануды өзгертіп, әртүрлі климат жағдайларын тудырады. Эль-Ниньо деп аталатын климаттық құбылыс ауа райында үлкен өзгерістерге әкеледі. Қыс айларында батыс бөлігінде суық болады, тауларда қар жауады, ал батыс аймақтарда жел жиі соғады. Күз мезгілінде тропикалық емес аймақтарда құрғақ болады.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Льянос. Орташа температурасы 30°C (86°F) болатын ылғалды тропикалық климат. Амазонка ормандарынан соққан жел көп жауын-шашынға себеп болады. Мамыр айынан бастап құрғақ желдің салдарынан жауын-шашын азаяды, көп күндерде аспан ашық болады. Дегенмен, оңтүстіктен соққан суразос жел бірнеше күнге дейін суық температура әкелуі мүмкін. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 1100 мм-ден 2000 мм-ге дейін, ал Оңтүстік-Батыс Амазонканың ылғалды ормандарымен шектесетін аймақтарда 3000 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Чикитания. Орташа температурасы 30°C (86°F) болатын ылғалды тропикалық климат. Амазонка ормандарынан соққан жел көп жауын-шашынға себеп болады, мамыр айында басталатын қысқа, бірақ байқалатын құрғақ маусым бар. "Суразос" жел бірнеше күнге дейін суық температура әкелуі мүмкін. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 750 мм-ден 1500 мм-ге дейін, ал Санта-Крустың орталық-шығыс бөлігіндегі шалғай аймақтарда 2000 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Селва. Орташа температурасы 30°C (86°F) болатын ылғалды тропикалық климат. Боливияның орталық және солтүстік-батыс аймақтарында Амазонка ормандарының оңтүстік-батыс бөлігі орналасқан, мұнда жылдың көп бөлігінде температура жоғары, ал қыс айларында сәл жұмсақ болады. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 2000 мм-ден 4000 мм-ге дейін, ал Тунари айналасындағы аймақтарда 7000 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Ылғалды Альтиплано. Субтропикалық тау климаты, полярлық климат, қатты және суық желдер. Орташа температура 15-20°C (59-68°F) аралығында. Түнде температура 0°C (32°F) төмендейді, ал күндіз ауа-райы құрғақ және күн сәулесі күшті. Жер бетінде мұз ай сайын пайда болады, қар жиі жауады. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 450 мм-ден 1300 мм-ге дейін, ал Титикака көлінің жергілікті аймақтарында 2000 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Құрғақ Альтиплано. Шөлді полярлық климат, қатты және суық желдер. Орташа температура 15-20°C (59-68°F) аралығында. Түнде температура 0°C (32°F) төмендейді, ал күндіз ауа-райы құрғақ және күн сәулесі күшті. Жер бетінде мұз ай сайын пайда болады, қар жиі жауады. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 50 мм-ден 400 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Уақытша өрнектер мен Юнгалар. Суық климат. Солтүстіктен соққан ылғалды жел тауларға қарай соғады, бұл аймақты ылғалды және жаңбырлы етеді. Биіктікке көтерілген сайын температура төмендейді. 2000 метр биіктікте қар жауады. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 600 мм-ден 2000 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Ксерик аңғарлары. Жартылай құрғақ климат. Боливияның орталық таулы жерлерінде пайда болған желдің көлеңкесі осы аймақтарды жылдың көп бөлігінде құрғақ етеді, ал жаз айларында жаңбырлы болады. Биіктікке көтерілген сайын температура төмендейді. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 350 мм-ден 600 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.
Чако. Субтропикалық жартылай құрғақ климат. Қаңтар айында жаңбыр жауады және жыл бойы ылғалдылық сақталады, күндері жылы, ал түндері салқын болады. Бұл аймақтағы жауын-шашын мөлшері жылына 450 мм-ден 1500 мм-ге дейін жетеді.
Bolivia has several geographical areas and climates, and the three predominant ones are Andean (28% of the territory), sub Andean (13%), and plains (59%). The climate of Bolivia varies drastically from one ecoregion to the other, from the tropics in the eastern llanos to polar climates in the western Andes. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, giving place to very different climates. When the climatological phenomenon known as El Niño takes place, it provokes great alterations in the weather. Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows around the mountain ranges, while in the western regions, windy days are more usual. The autumn is dry in the non tropical regions. Llanos. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes significant rainfall. Starting in May, there is low precipitation because of dry winds, and most days have clear skies. Even so, winds from the south, called surazos, can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 1,100mm to 2,000mm per year, with some areas bordering the Southwestern Amazonian moist forests receiving up to 3,000mm per year. Chiquitanía. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The wind coming from the Amazon rainforest causes considerable rainfall, with a short but noticeable dry season typically starting in May. "Surazos" can bring cooler temperatures lasting several days. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 750mm to 1,500mm per year, with remote areas in central eastern Santa Cruz receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Selva. A humid tropical climate with an average temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). The Southwestern Bands of the Amazon rainforest for the central and northwestern areas of Bolivia, where temperatures are hot for a majority of the year, with slightly milder winters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 2,000mm to 4,000mm per year, with some areas around Tunari receiving up to 7,000mm per year. Humid Altiplano. Subtropical highland climate Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges between 450mm to 1,300mm per year, with local areas in Lake Titicaca receiving up to 2,000mm per year. Dry Altiplano. Desert Polar climates, with strong and cold winds. The average temperature ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59–68 °F). At night, temperatures descend drastically to slightly above 0 °C (32 °F), while during the day, the weather is dry and solar radiation is high. Ground frosts occur every month, and snow is frequent. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 50mm to 400mm per year. Temperate Valleys and Yungas. Temperate climate. The humid northeastern winds are pushed to the mountains, making this region very humid and rainy. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Snow occurs at altitudes of 2,000 meters. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 600mm to 2,000mm per year. Xeric Valleys. Semiarid climate. The wind shadows created by the steep Bolivian central highlands make these regions dry for much of the year, with bursts of precipitation in summer thunderstorms. Temperatures are cooler at higher elevations. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 350mm to 600mm per year. Chaco. Subtropical Semi arid climate. Rain and humidity in January and the rest of the year, with warm days and cool nights. Precipitation in these areas ranges from 450mm to 1,500mm per year.