Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыстағы америкалық оқу ұшағы

American biplane military training aircraft in use 1934 through WWII

The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is an American biplane formerly used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman, or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy (as the NS and N2S), and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years, they became popular as crop dusters and sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.

In late 1933, Stearman engineers Mac Short, Harold W. Zipp, and J. Jack Clark took a 1931 Lloyd Stearman design, and added cantilever landing gear and adjustable elevator trim tabs, to produce the Model 70. Able to withstand +12g and 9g, the aircraft was powered by a 210 hp Lycoming R 680, first flew on 1 January 1934, before flight tests were conducted at Wright Field, Naval Air Station Anacostia, and Pensacola. The Navy then requested a similar model built to Navy specifications, including a 200 hp Wright J 5 engine. The resultant Model 73, was designated NS 1 by the Navy, of which 41 were ordered, including enough spares to build another 20 aircraft. In the summer of 1934, Stearman engineers refined the Model 73 into the Model X75. The Army Air Corps evaluated the plane that autumn, powered by a 225 hp Wright R 760 or a 225 hp Lycoming R 680. In July 1935, the Army Air Corps ordered 26 with the Lycoming engine, designated the PT 13A, while the navy ordered an additional 20. In August 1936, the Army ordered an additiional 50 PT 13As, followed by another 30 in October, and another 28 in December. Simultaneously, the company received orders for its primary trainer from the Argentinian navy, the Philippine Army Air Corps, and the Brazilian Air Force. In January 1937, the army ordered another 26 PT 13As. Boeing aircraft since 1916 8,584 Model 70s, 75s and 76s were built, with additional "spares" bringing the number up to the sometimes quoted 10,346. N2S Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall yellow paint scheme. N2S 1 Model A75N1 with Continental R 670 14 engine, 250 delivered. N2S 2 Model B75 with Lycoming R 680 8 engine, 125 delivered in 1941. N2S 3 Model B75N1 with Continental R 670 4 engine, 1,875 delivered. N2S 4 Model A75N1 with Continental R 670 4 and 5 engines, 457 delivered of 579 ordered, including 99 PT 17s diverted from U. S. Army orders. N2S 5 Model E75 with Lycoming R 680 17 engine, 1,450 delivered.

T5 1556 – PT 17 is airworthy with Erling Pétur Erlingsson in Hafnarfjörður, Capital Region. It is the oldest airplane in Iceland. It was brought to the country in 1941 by the aircraft carrier Wasp and damaged in an accident in 1943.

PT 13D is on display at Dirgantara Mandala Museum in Yogyakarta. The aircraft is painted in Taloa Academy of Aeronautics livery.

2752 – PT 17 is airworthy at the Israeli Air Force Museum in Hatzerim.

EPS 6084 – PT 17 on static display at the es in Santa Lucía, Zumpango.

75 647 – PT 17 airworthy with R. J. S. Jenkins in Ardmore, Auckland. 75 2055 – PT 17 airworthy with R. B. Mackley in Milford. 75 2100 – PT 17 airworthy with Classic Aircraft Sales Limited in Blenheim. 75 2724 – PT 17 airworthy with B. L. Govenlock in Hastings. 75 3132 – PT 17 airworthy with the Antonievich Family Trust in Pukekohe. 75 3655 – PT 17 airworthy with M. P. Cantlon in Mount Maunganui. 75 4245 – PT 17 airworthy with the Strome Farm Trust in Drury. 75 5064 – PT 13D airworthy with the Stearman Syndicate in Drury. 75 5907 – PT 13D airworthy with Stearman 03 Limited in Mount Maunganui. 75 8025A – N2S 3 airworthy with M. J. Dean in Mount Maunganui.

PT 17 is on display at the Instituto de Estudios Históricos Aeroespaciales del Perú, Miraflores, Lima.

PT 13 on display at the es in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid. PT 17 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.

75 5436 – PT 13D is airworthy, registered as HB RBG, and based at the Fliegermuseum Altenrhein. Built in 1943 and restored to airworthiness in 1989 after sustaining considerable damage during an emergency landing in the grounds of the Stadler Rail factory in Altenrhein due to engine failure.

PT 17 is on static display at the Aviation Education Exhibition Hall in Gangshan District, Kaohsiung City.

An iconic movie image is a Stearman cropduster chasing Cary Grant across a field in North by Northwest (the airplane that chased Grant was actually a Naval Aircraft Factory N3N Canary; the plane that hits the truck is a Stearman). A heavily modified PT 17 variant was used as the Tornado in the Sonic The Hedgehog 2 Film.

Stearman, Lloyd. Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them. Lap Records, 2005. (NTSC Format)