Кіріспе
Экономикалық / әл-ауқат көрсеткіштерін жақсартады.
Enhances Economic / Well Being indicators
Нағыз прогресс көрсеткіші (GPI) жалпы ішкі өнімнің (ЖІӨ) орнын басатын немесе толықтыратын өлшем ретінде ұсынылған. GPI елдің әл-ауқатын толыққанды ескеруге арналған, оның тек бір бөлігі ел экономикасының мөлшерімен байланысты, ал қалған бөлігі ЖІӨ-мен өлшенбейтін экологиялық және әлеуметтік факторларды қамтиды. Мысалы, GPI модельдерінің кейбіреулері кедейлік деңгейі жоғарылағанда құны төмендейді. GPI әлеуметтік прогресс тұжырымын экономикалық өсімнен ажыратады. GPI экологиялық экономика, "жасыл" экономика, тұрақтылық және экономиканың инклюзивті түрлерінде қолданылады. Ол бизнес тудыратын немесе жоятын қоршаған ортаға және көміртегі ізіне, соның ішінде ресурстардың азаюы, ластану және ұзақ мерзімді экологиялық зиянға есеп береді.
Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP). The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors which are not measured by GDP. For instance, some models of GPI decrease in value when the poverty rate increases. The GPI separates the concept of societal progress from economic growth. The GPI is used in ecological economics, "green" economics, sustainability and more inclusive types of economics. It factors in environmental and carbon footprints that businesses produce or eliminate, including in the forms of resource depletion, pollution and long term environmental damage. </blockquote>
1962 жылы ол былай деп жазды:
In 1962, he also wrote:
Өсімнің сапасы мен саны, шығындар мен кірістер, сондай-ақ қысқа және ұзақ мерзімді мақсаттар арасындағы айырмашылықтарды ескеру қажет. Өсімді көбейту мақсатында, нені және кім үшін көбейту керектігін нақтылау керек. Кейбір мамандар тиісті өлшем экологиялық өнімділік пен табиғаттың қызметтер көрсету қабілетін де ескеруі керек дейді, және бұл нәрселер дәстүрлі өнеркәсіптік өндіріске бағытталған прогрестің кеңейтілген идеалының бір бөлігі болып табылады.
Distinctions must be kept in mind between quantity and quality of growth, between costs and returns, and between the short and long run Goals for more growth should specify more growth of what and for what. Some have argued that an adequate measure must also take into account ecological yield and the ability of nature to provide services, and that these things are part of a more inclusive ideal of progress, which transcends the traditional focus on raw industrial production.
Кірістер мен капиталдың құнсыздануы
Хикс (1946) табыс есептеудің нақты мақсаты – адамдардың болашақта да сол деңгейде өнім өндіріп, тұтыну мүмкіндігін жоғалтпай, қанша өнім өндіріп, тұтынуға болатынын көрсету екенін айтты. Ұлттық табыс көзқарасынан, мына сұраққа жауап беру қажет: «Бір ұлттың барлық ЖІӨ-сін болашақта да сол ЖІӨ-ні өндіру және тұтыну қабілетін төмендетпей тұтынуға бола ма?» Бұл сұрақ заманауи экономикада көбінесе назардан тыс қалады, бірақ тұрақты даму тұжырымына сай келеді.
Hicks (1946) pointed out that the practical purpose of calculating income is to indicate the maximum amount that people can produce and consume without undermining their capacity to produce and consume the same amount in the future. From a national income perspective, it is necessary to answer the following question: "Can a nation's entire GDP be consumed without undermining its ability to produce and consume the same GDP in the future?" This question is largely ignored in contemporary economics but fits under the idea of sustainability.
Заңнамалық шешімдерде
GPI тұжырымдамаларын заңнамалық шешімдерге қолданудың ең белгілі әрекеттері, әлдебір GPI Atlantic, Атлантика Канадасы үшін Рональд Колман ойлап тапқан индекс, көрсеткіш емес, ол зерттеулер арқылы алынған нәтижелерді бір санға біріктіруден қашық тұрады, себебі бұл шешім қабылдаушыларды қараңғыда қалдырады; экологиялық экономист Марк Аниелскидің Альберта провинциясының ұзақ мерзімді экономикалық, әлеуметтік және экологиялық тұрақтылығын өлшеу үшін құрған Альберта GPI және Канада үкіметінің өзінің әл-ауқат мақсаттарына жетудегі прогресін бағалау үшін пайдаланатын "экологиялық және тұрақты даму көрсеткіштері". Канаданың Экологиялық Тұрақтылық Көрсеткіштері бағдарламасы мемлекеттік қызметтерді GPI тұрғысынан негіздеуге бағытталған. Ол Канада Бас аудиторы кеңсесінің қызметкері, Қоршаған орта және тұрақты даму комиссарына талдау жүргізуді және Халық палатасына есеп беруді тапсырады. Дегенмен, Канада жалпы бюджеттік мақсаттарын ЖІӨ-ге шаққандағы қарызын азайту тұрғысынан белгілей беруде, яғни ЖІӨ-нің өсуі мен қарызды азайтудың бірлескен комбинациясы оның басты басымдықтары болып табылады. Еуропалық Одақта (ЕО) Metropole әрекеттері мен Лондон денсаулық сақтау обсерваториясы әдістері көбінесе қалалық өмір салтына бағытталған. ЕО және Канаданың күш-жігері G8 немесе Экономикалық Ынтымақтастық және Даму Ұйымы (OECD) елдерінің ішінде ең жетілгені болып саналады, бірақ дамыған барлық елдерде өмір сапасын немесе денсаулық (байлық емес) тұрғысынан өмір сүру деңгейін өлшеуге бағытталған параллель әрекеттер бар. Бұл соңғы кезде еңбек қозғалысының да маңызды бағыты болып табылады.
The best known attempts to apply the concepts of GPI to legislative decisions are probably the GPI Atlantic, an index, not an indicator, invented by Ronald Colman for Atlantic Canada, who explicitly avoids aggregating the results obtained through research to a single number, alleging that it keeps decisions makers in the dark; the Alberta GPI created by ecological economist Mark Anielski to measure the long term economic, social and environmental sustainability of the province of Alberta and the "environmental and sustainable development indicators" used by the Government of Canada to measure its own progress to achieving well being goals. The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators program is an effort to justify state services in GPI terms. It assigns the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development, an officer in the Auditor General of Canada's office, to perform the analysis and report to the House of Commons. However, Canada continues to state its overall budgetary targets in terms of reducing its debt to GDP ratio, which implies that GDP increase and debt reduction in some combination are its main priorities. In the European Union (EU) the Metropole efforts and the London Health Observatory methods are equivalents focused mostly on urban lifestyle. The EU and Canadian efforts are among the most advanced in any of the G8 or OECD nations, but there are parallel efforts to measure quality of life or standard of living in health (not strictly wealth) terms in all developed nations. This has also been a recent focus of the labour movement.
Құралымдары
Нағыз прогресс көрсеткіші 26 индикатормен өлшенеді, оларды үш негізгі санатқа бөлуге болады: экономикалық, экологиялық және әлеуметтік. Кейбір аймақтар, елдер немесе штаттар өздерінің ерекше жағдайларына сәйкес терминологияны сәл өзгерте алады. Мысалы, GPI шаблоны «Көмірқышқыл газы шығарылымдарынан зиян» деген фразаны пайдаланса, Мэриленд штаты «Климаттың өзгеруінен туындаған шығындар» деп атайды, себебі ол метан және азот оксиді сияқты басқа да парниктік газдарды (ПГГ) да қамтиды.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+/ Индикатор Тұқырыламалы түсіндірме
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Экономикалық
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+ Жеке тұтыну шығындары ЖІӨ-нің басым бөлігін құрайтын тұтыну, қалған индикаторлардың қосылуы немесе алынуы үшін негізгі деңгейді анықтайды.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
÷ Табыс теңсіздігі Дүниежүзілік банк жариялаған Джини индексі және Табыс үлестіру индексі (IDI) арқылы оның уақыт өте келе салыстырмалы өзгерісін анықтау. (PCE/IDI)*100
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Түзетілген жеке тұтыну формуласы=((Жеке тұтыну/IDI) x 100). Қалған индикаторлардың қосылуы немесе алынуы үшін негізгі санды құрайды.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Тұрақты тұтыну тауарларының құны Тұрақты тұтыну тауарларының құнын екі рет санауды болдырмау үшін есептеледі.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+ Тұрақты тұтыну тауарларының құны Үй шаруашылығына қажетті техника, автомобильдер және т.б. бір жылда тозбайды және шаруашылық капиталының бөлігі саналады. Олардың құны бірнеше жыл бойы амортизацияланады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Жұмыссыздық құны Созылмалы жұмыссыздар, үмітсіз жұмыс іздеушілер, ерікті түрде толық емес жұмыспен қамтылғандар және жұмыс өміріне шектеулер қоятын (бала күтімі немесе көлік құралының жоқтығы) адамдарды қамтиды.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+/ Таза капитал инвестициясы Шетелдік нарықтарға капитал инвестициясы, басқа елдерден түскен инвестициялардан азайтылады. Несиелендіру (+) болса, қарыз алу (-) болады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Экологиялық
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Судың ластануынан туындаған шығын Химиялық заттар мен қоректік заттардың су сапасына тигізетін зиян, сондай-ақ су арналарындағы эрозия/отыраудың салдарынан туындаған шығындар.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Ауаның ластануынан туындаған шығын Өсімдіктерге зиян, материалдардың тозуы, күйе немесе қышқыл жаңбырдан тазарту шығындары, сондай-ақ мүліктің құнының төмендеуі, жалақы айырмашылықтары және эстетикалық бұзылулар.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Шудың зиянды әсері Көлік және фабрикалардан шыққан шу есту қабілетінің жоғалуына және ұйқының бұзылуына әкелуі мүмкін.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Балақтардың жоғалуы Балақтар жойылғанда, яғни ауа райының буферлік аймағы, мекендеу ортасы, судың тазаруы сияқты қызметтерден айырылу.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Егістік жердің, топырақтың сапасының нашаруы немесе деградациясы Қалалану, топырақтың эрозиясы және тығыздалуы салдарынан. Бұл индикатор азық-түлікпен өзін-өзі қамтамасыз етуді қиындататын өндірістің жоғалған барлық жылдарын есепке алу үшін жиынтық түрде өлшенеді.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Біріншілік орманның жоғалуы және орман кесу жолдарынан туындаған зиян Биологиялық әртүрліліктің жоғалуы, топырақтың сапасы, судың тазаруы, көміртегінің жиналуы, демалыс және т.б. Жылдан жылға жинақталатын әсер.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
CO2 шығарылымдары CO2 шығарылымдарының артуы ауа райының өте қауіпті өзгерістеріне және миллиардтаған долларлық зиянға әкелуде. Ричард Толдың (2005) жүргізген 103 жеке зерттеудің мета-талдауына негізделген, CO2-нің әр тоннасына 93 АҚШ доллары мөлшерінде бағаланады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Озон қабатының құлдырауының құны Атмосферадағы қорғаныш қабатымыз. Озон қабатының құлдырауы рак, катаракта және өсімдіктердің нашаруына әкелуі мүмкін. 49 669 АҚШ доллары/тонна бағаланады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Жаңартылмайтын ресурстардың сарқылуы Өмір бойында жаңартылмайтын ресурстар. Сарқылу жаңартылатын ресурстарды енгізу және ауыстыру шығындарымен өлшенеді.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Әлеуметтік
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+ Үй шаруасы мен бала тәрбиесінің құны Бала күтімі, жөндеу және қызмет көрсетуге жұмсалатын шығындар, егер шаруашылық осы қызметтер үшін төлесе, соған тең бағаланады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Отбасылық өзгерістердің құны Әлеуметтік дисфункция отбасылық өмірдің ерте кезеңінде көрінеді. Ажырасқан отбасыларда тауарлар мен қызметтердің қайталануын болдырмау үшін сақтық шаралары қолданылады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Қылмыс шығындары Медициналық шығындар, мүліктік зиян, психологиялық көмек және қылмыстың алдын алу үшін қауіпсіздік шаралары осы индикаторға кіреді.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Тұрғын үйлердегі ластануды жою шығындары Тұрғындардың өз үйлерінде ауа мен суды тазартуға жұмсайтын шығындары, яғни ауа және су сүзгілері.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+ Волонтёрлік жұмыстың құны Әлеуметтік әл-ауқатқа қосқан үлесі ретінде бағаланады. Көршілер мен қауымдастықтар өз әріптестері мен еріктілердің көмегімен бейресми қауіпсіздік желісін құруы мүмкін.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Бос уақыттың жоғалуы 1969 жылғы бос уақытпен салыстырылады. Тауарлар мен қызметтердің өндірісінің артуы отбасылық, үй шаруашылығы және басқа да істерге жұмсалатын бағалы бос уақыттың жоғалуына әкелуі мүмкін.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+ Жоғары білімнің құны Білімнің нәтижесінде туындайтын үлес, өнімділік, азаматтық қатысу, үнемдеу және денсаулықты ескереді; жылына 16 000 долларға бағаланатын «әлеуметтік таралу».
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
+ Көшелер мен жолдардың құны Көшелер мен жолдарды пайдаланудан туындайтын жылдық қызметтердің құны. Жергілікті, штаттық және федералдық жолдардың таза қорының 7,5% құнымен бағаланады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Жұмысқа бару шығындары Көлік құралына жұмсалатын ақша және басқа да қызықтырақ істерге жұмсауға болатын уақыттың жоғалуы.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
Автокөлік апаттарынан туындаған шығындар Көлік апаттарының нәтижесінде туындаған зиян мен жоғалту. Қалалану және байлықтың жиналуы көлік қозғалысының тығыздығының тікелей салдары болып табылады.
The Genuine Progress Indicator is measured by 26 indicators which can be divided into three main categories: Economic, Environmental, and Social. Some regions, nations, or states may adjust the verbiage slightly to accommodate their particular scenario. For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. +/ Indicator Brief explanation Economic + Personal Consumption Expenditures The bulk of GDP as well, consumption informs the baseline from which the rest of the indicators will be added or subtracted. ÷ Income Inequality Using the Gini index, published by World Bank, and the Income Distribution Index (IDI), its relative change over time. (PCE/IDI)*100 Adjusted Personal Consumption Formula=(Personal consumption/IDI) x 100. Forms the base number from which the remaining indicators are added or subtracted. Cost of Consumer Durables Calculated as a cost to avoid double counting the value provided by the durables themselves. + Value of Consumer Durables Household appliances, cars, etc. are not used up in one year and are considered a part of household capital. Their value is depreciated over a number of years. Cost of Underemployment Encompasses the chronically unemployed, discouraged workers, involuntary part time workers and others with work life restraints (lack of childcare or transportation). +/ Net Capital Investment Capital investment in foreign markets minus incoming investments from other countries. If lending (+) if borrowing ( ). Environmental Cost of Water Pollution Damage to water quality from things such as chemicals or nutrients, and the costs of erosion/sedimentation in waterways. Cost of Air Pollution Includes damage to vegetation, degradation of materials, cost of clean up from soot or acid rain, and resulting reduced property values, wage differentials and aesthetics. Cost of Noise Pollution Noise from traffic and factories can cause hearing loss and sleep deprivation. Loss of Wetlands Valuates the services given up when wetlands are lost to development i. e. buffering of weather, habitat, water purification. Loss of farmland, soil quality or degradation Due to urbanization, soil erosion and compaction. This indicator is measured cumulatively to account for all years of production lost as it compromises self sufficient food supply. Loss of Primary Forest and damage from logging roads Loss of biodiversity, soil quality, water purification, carbon sequestration, recreation etc. Cumulative affect year over year. CO2 Emissions Increases in severe weather is causing billions in damages. A value of US$93/metric ton of CO2 emitted is used, based on a meta analysis study by Richard Tol (2005) of 103 separate studies of costs of economic damages. Cost of Ozone Depletion Our protective layer in the atmosphere. Depletion can lead to increased cases of cancer, cataracts and plant decline. Weighed at US$49,669/ton Depletion of Non Renewables These cannot be renewed in a lifetime. Depletion is measured against cost of implementing and substituting with renewable resources. Social + Value of Housework and Parenting Child care, repairs and maintenance are valued equivalent to the amount a household would have to pay for the service. Cost of Family Changes Social dysfunction presents itself early in family life. Care is taken to avoid double counting goods and services duplicated due to split parent households. Cost of Crime Medical expenses, property damages, psychological care and security measures to prevent crime are all included in this indicator. Cost of Household Pollution Abatement Cost to residents to clean the air and water in their own household i. e. air and water filters. + Value of Volunteer Work Valued as a contribution to social welfare. Neighborhoods and communities can find an informal safety net through their peers and volunteer work. Loss of Leisure Time Compared to 1969 hours of leisure. Recognizes that increased output of goods and services can lead to loss of valuable leisure time for family, chores or otherwise. + Value of Higher Education Accounts for the contribution resulting knowledge, productivity, civic engagement, savings, and health; a "social spillover," set to $16,000 per year. + Value of Highways and Streets Annual value of services contributed from the use of streets & highways. Valued at 7.5% of net stock of local, state and federal highways. Cost of Commuting Money spent to pay for the transportation and time lost in transit as opposed to other more enjoyable activities. Cost of Auto Accidents Damage and loss as a result of traffic accidents. Increased traffic densities are a direct result of industrialization and wealth accumulation.
АҚШ-тағы даму
Коммерциялық емес ұйымдар мен университеттер Вермонт, Мэриленд, Колорадо, Огайо және Юта штаттарының ЖИІ-ін (Жалпы Игілік Индексін) өлшеді. Бұл күш-жігер кейбір штаттарда үкіметтік шаралар қабылдануына себеп болды. 2014 жылдан бастап Вермонт, Мэриленд, Вашингтон және Гавайи штаттары мемлекеттік бюджеттік шешімдерде ЖИІ-ді қарастыруға бағытталған мемлекеттік бастамаларды қабылдады, бұл ұзақ мерзімдік шығындар мен пайдаға назар аударуды қамтиды. Гавайидің ЖИІ-і 2000 жылдан 2020 жылға дейінгі кезеңді қамтиды және жыл сайын жаңартылып отырады. 2009 жылы Мэриленд штаты бірнеше мемлекеттік департаменттердің өкілдерінен тұратын коалиция құрды, олар экономиканың дәстүрлі жалпы өнім көрсеткіштеріне әлеуметтік әл-ауқатты ескеретін өлшемді іздеді. Бұл өлшем ұлттық көрсеткіштерде көбінесе ескерілмейтін әлеуметтік және экологиялық факторларға қатысты өсім мен экономикалық прогрестің тұрақтылығын анықтауға көмектесуі тиіс болды. ЖИІ тұрақтылықты бағалаудың кешенді шарасы ретінде таңдалды, себебі оның басқа штаттар қолдана алатын және уақыт өте келе салыстыра алатын жақсы қабылданған ғылыми методологиясы бар. Мэриленд штатының ЖИІ көрсеткіштерінің динамикасы жалпы мемлекеттік өніммен (ЖМӨ) салыстырғанда, ЖИІ-ін өлшеген басқа штаттар мен елдермен салыстыруға болады, өйткені соңғы төрт онжылдықта ЖМӨ ЖИІ-ге қарағанда жылдам өсті. Жалпы алғанда, ЖИІ-нің экономикалық элементтері өскенімен (Ұлы дағдарыс кезінде айтарлықтай төмендеумен), әлеуметтік әл-ауқат тұрақтап қалды, қосылған кез келген құндылық шегерілген шығындармен теңестірілді, ал экологиялық көрсеткіштер, сәл жақсарғанмен, әрқашан шығындар ретінде қарастырылады. Бұл элементтердің жиынтығы ЖИІ-ді ЖМӨ-ден төмендетеді. Дегенмен, Мэриленд штатының ЖИІ-і 2010 жылдан 2011 жылға дейін екі бірлікке өсті. ЖИІ есептеу методологиясы алғаш рет 1995 жылы Redefining Progress ұйымымен әзірленді және жарияланды, содан кейін 1950 жылдан 1994 жылға дейінгі АҚШ деректеріне қолданылды. 1995 жылғы ЖИІ бойынша алғашқы жұмыс 1994 жылғы Дали мен Коббтың Тұрақты Экономикалық Әл-ауқат Индексінің өңделген нұсқасы болды. Нәтижелер 1950 жылдан 1994 жылға дейін ЖІӨ едәуір өскенін көрсетті. Осы кезеңде ЖИІ-де өсім байқалмады. Осылайша, ЖИІ теориясына сәйкес, АҚШ-тағы экономикалық өсім, яғни ЖІӨ-нің өсуі, сол 44 жыл ішінде халықтың әл-ауқатын арттырмады. Бүгінгі күнге дейін АҚШ және Австралия үшін, сондай-ақ олардың бірнеше штаттары үшін ЖИІ уақыт қатары есептелді. Сонымен қатар, ЖИІ Австрия, Канада, Чили, Франция, Финляндия, Италия, Нидерланды, Шотландия және Ұлыбританияның қалған бөлігі үшін есептелді.
Non profit organizations and universities have measured the GPI of Vermont, Maryland, Colorado, Ohio, and Utah. These efforts have incited government action in some states. As of 2014, Vermont, Maryland, Washington and Hawai'i have passed state government initiatives to consider GPI in budgeting decisions, with a focus on long term cost and benefits. Hawai'i's GPI spans the years from 2000 to 2020 and will be updated annually. In 2009, the state of Maryland formed a coalition of representatives from several state government departments in search of a metric that would factor social well being into the more traditional gross product indicators of the economy. The metric would help determine the sustainability of growth and economic progress against social and environmental factors typically left out of national indicators. The GPI was chosen as a comprehensive measure of sustainability as it has a well accepted scientific methodology that can be adopted by other states and compared over time. Maryland's GPI trends are comparable to other states and nations that have measured their GPI in that gross state product (GSP) and GPI have diverged over the past four decades where GSP has increased more rapidly than GPI. While economic elements of GPI have increased overall (with a significant drop off during the Great Recession), social well being has stagnated, with any values added being cancelled out by costs deducted, and environmental indicators, while improving slightly, are always considered costs. Combined, these elements bring the GPI below GSP. However, Maryland's GPI did increase by two points from 2010 to 2011. The calculation methodology of GPI was first developed and published in 1995 by Redefining Progress and applied to US data from 1950 to 1994. The original work on the GPI in 1995 was a modification of the 1994 version of the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare in Daly and Cobb. Results showed that GDP increased substantially from 1950 to 1994. Over the same period, the GPI stagnated. Thus, according to GPI theory, economic growth in the US, i. e., the growth of GDP, did not increase the welfare of the people over that 44 year period. So far, GPI time series have been calculated for the US and Australia as well as for several of their states. In addition, GPI has been calculated for Austria, Canada, Chile, France, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Scotland, and the rest of the UK.
Финляндиядағы даму
Финляндияның 1945 жылдан 2011 жылға дейінгі GPI уақыт сериясын Финляндия статистикасы басқармасы есептеп шығарды. Есептеу АҚШ әдістемесіне жақын түрде жүргізілді. Нәтижелер көрсеткендей, 1970-1980 жылдары экономикалық өсім, ЖІӨ бойынша өлшенгенде, әл-ауқатты, GPI бойынша өлшенгенде, айқын түрде арттырды. 1990 жылдардың басындағы экономикалық төмендеуден кейін ЖІӨ өсуін жалғастырды, бірақ GPI төмен деңгейде қалды. Бұл 1990 жылдардың басында басталған ЖІӨ және GPI арасындағы үлкен айырмашылықты көрсетеді. 1990-2000 жылдары ЖІӨ өсімі орташа финдерге тиесілі болған жоқ. GPI бойынша өлшенгенде, тұрақты экономикалық әл-ауқат, қоршаған ортада жинақталған экологиялық қауіптердің салдарынан төмендеді. Финляндияның GPI уақыт сериясын Финляндия статистикасы басқармасының докторы Юкка Хофрен жаңартты. Еуроодақтың INTERREG IV C FRESH жобасы (Аймақтық экологиялық тұрақтылық иерархиясын дамыту) аясында 2009-2010 жылдары Päijät Häme, Kainuu және Оңтүстік Остроботния (Etelä Pohjanmaa) аймақтары үшін GPI уақыт сериялары есептелді. 2011 жылы бұл есептеулер Лапландия, Солтүстік Остроботния (Pohjois Pohjanmaa) және Орталық Остроботния (Keski Pohjanmaa) аймақтары үшін GPI есептеулерімен аяқталды.
The GPI time series 1945 to 2011 for Finland have been calculated by Statistics Finland. The calculation closely followed the US methodology. The results show that in the 1970s and 1980s economic growth, as measured by GDP, clearly increased welfare, measured by the GPI. After the economic recession of the early 1990s the GDP continued to grow, but the GPI stayed on a lower level. This indicates a widening gap between the trends of GDP and GPI that began in the early 1990s. In the 1990s and 2000s the growth of GDP has not benefited the average Finn. If measured by GPI, sustainable economic welfare has actually decreased due to environmental hazards that have accumulated in the environment. The Finnish GPI time series have been updated by Dr Jukka Hoffrén at Statistics Finland. Within EU's Interreg IV C FRESH Project (Forwarding Regional Environmental Sustainable Hierarchies) GPI time series were calculated to Päijät Häme, Kainuu and South Ostrobotnia (Etelä Pohjanmaa) regions in 2009–2010. During 2011 these calculations were completed with GPI calculations for the Lappland, Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois Pohjanmaa) and Central Ostrobothnia (Keski Pohjanmaa) regions.
Сын
GPI кейбір өндіріс түрлерін жалғастыру мүмкіндігіне кері әсер ететін өндіріс түрлері бар деп санайды. ЖІӨ белгілі бір уақыттағы өндірістің барлық көлемін өлшейді. ЖІӨ-ні өлшеу, GPI-мен салыстырғанда, салыстырмалы түрде қарапайым. GPI сияқты баламалы өлшемдер әл-ауқатты анықтауға тырысады, бірақ оны анықтау күмәнді. Сондықтан GPI-ге қарсылар, GPI әртүрлі және көптеген қоғамның мақсаттарын өлшеуге қабілетсіз деп мәлімдейді. Қоғамдық әл-ауқатты өлшеуде ЖІӨ-нің жақтастары, GPI сияқты баламалы өлшемдер саяси манипуляцияға бейім деп санайды. Фин экономистері Мика Малиранта мен Нику Мäättänen баламалы даму индекстерінің мәселесі – салыстыруға келмейтін нәрселерді біріктіруге талпыну екенін жазады. Олардың нақты немен өлшенетінін айту қиын, сондай-ақ оларға сүйене отырып шешім қабылдау да қиын. Оларды машинаның орташа жылдамдығы мен қалған жанармай мөлшерін көрсететін индикатормен салыстыруға болады. Олар экономиканың өсуі, адамдардың қазіргідей бақытты болуы үшін қажеттілік екенін қосады. Мысалы, Жапонияда 1990 жылдардың басынан бастап, яғни экономикалық өсімнің тоқтап қалған кезінен бері, азаматтардың бақытты екендігі туралы сауалнамалардағы жауаптары төмендеп келеді.
GPI considers some types of production to have a negative impact upon being able to continue some types of production. GDP measures the entirety of production at a given time. GDP is relatively straightforward to measure compared to GPI. Competing measures like GPI define well being, which are arguably impossible to define. Therefore, opponents of GPI claim that GPI cannot function to measure the goals of a diverse, plural society. Supporters of GDP as a measure of societal well being claim that competing measures such as GPI are more vulnerable to political manipulation. Finnish economists Mika Maliranta and Niku Määttänen write that the problem of alternative development indexes is their attempt to combine things that are incommensurable. It is hard to say what they exactly indicate and difficult to make decisions based on them. They can be compared to an indicator that shows the mean of a car's velocity and the amount of fuel left. They add that it indeed seems as if the economy has to grow in order for the people to even remain as happy as they are at present. In Japan, for example, the degree of happiness expressed by the citizens in polls has been declining since the early 1990s, the period when Japan's economic growth stagnated.
Қолдау көрсететін елдер мен топтар
Канаданың жоспарлау өтінімдері. ЖІӨ "табыс тізілімі" ретінде қызмет етті. GPI "баланс тізілімі" ретінде қызмет етеді, ескере отырып, кейбір табыс көздері өте қымбат және жалпы алғанда теріс пайда әкеледі. "ЖІӨ-ден асып түсу" – Еуропалық Одақ, Рим клубы, WWF және ЭЫДҰ бастамасы. Прогресті қайта анықтау. Есептер мен талдамалар. Калифорния штатының Окленд қаласындағы кеңсесі бар коммерциялық емес ұйым. Gross National Happiness USA зерттеулер тапсырыс берді және АҚШ-та GPI-ді қабылдауды жақтады.
Canada planning applications. GDP has functioned as an "income sheet". GPI will function as a "balance sheet," taking into consideration that some income sources are very costly and contribute a negative profit overall. Beyond GDP is an initiative of the European Union, Club of Rome, WWF and OECD. Redefining Progress. Reports and analyses. A non profit organization with headquarters in Oakland, California. Gross National Happiness USA has commissioned studies and advocated adoption of GPI in the United States.
GPI және GPI-түріндегі зерттеулер аяқталды
Көрсеткіш атауы Аймақ Зерттеудің басталған жылы Зерттеудің аяқталған жылы Жарияланған жылы Авторлары MEW (A/S) Америка Құрама Штаттары 1929 1965 1972 Nordhaus and Tobin ISEW Америка Құрама Штаттары 1951 1986, 1992 1989, 1994 Daly and Cobb ISEW Германия 1950 1990 1994 Diefenbacher ISEW Шотландия, Ұлыбритания 1980 1991 1994 Moffatt and Wilson ISEW Нидерланды 1950 1992 1995 Oegema and Rosenberg ISEW Нидерланды 1950 1992 1995 Rosenberg, Oegema, Bovy ISEW Швеция 1950 1992 1996 Jackson and Stymne ISEW Австрия 1955 1992 1997 Stockhammer et al. ISEW Ұлыбритания 1950 1996 1997 Jackson, et al. ISEW Австрия 1955 1992 1997 Stockhammer, Hochreiter, Obermayr, Steiner ISEW Италия 1960 1991 1998 Giogio Guenno, Silvia Tiezzi ISEW Чили 1965 1995 1999 Castañeda GPI Америка Құрама Штаттары 1950 1994 1995 Cobb, Halstead, Rowe GPI Америка Құрама Штаттары 1950 1996 1999 Cobb, Goodman, Wackernagel GPI Австралия 1950 1996 1999 Clive Hamilton SNBI Австралия 1966 1967 1999 Lawn and Sanders SNBI Австралия 1994 1995 1999 Lawn and Sanders ISEW Шотландия, Ұлыбритания 1980 1993 1999 Hanley GPI Австралия 1950 2000 2000 Hamilton and Dennis GPI Миннесота 1960 1995 2000 Minnesota Planning Agency GPI Альберта, Канада 1961 1999 2001 Mark Anielski ISEW Чехия 1988 1998 2002 Scasny ISEW Польша 1980 1997 2003 Gil and Sleszynski ISEW Уэльс, Ұлыбритания 1990 2000 2003 Matthews, Williams, Roberts, Munday GPI Америка Құрама Штаттары 1950 2002 2004 Venetoulis and Cobb GPI Сан-Франсиско Бэй облысы 2000 2000 2004 Venetoulis and Cobb GPI Вермонт: Читтенден округі және Берлингтон 1950 2000 2004 Costanza, Erickson et al. ISEW Тайланд 1975 1999 2005 Matthew Clarke, Sardar M. N. Islam GPI Колумбия 1976 2003 2006 Sánchez et al. GPI Америка Құрама Штаттары 1950 2004 2006 John Talberth, Clifford Cobb, and Noah Slattery ISEW Сиена, Италия 1999 1999 2006 Pulselli, Ciampalini, Tiezzi, Zappia ISEW Бельгия 1970 2000 2006 Brent Bleys GPI Виктория, Австралия 1986 2003 2006 Clarke and Lawn ISEW Мексика 1993 2005 2007 Castillo López A. ISEW Нидерланды 1971 2004 2007 Brent Bleys IBES/ISEW Пуэрто-Рико 1970 2006 2007 Alameda Lozada and Diaz Rodriguez GPI Қытай (4 аймақ) 1991 2001 2007 Zongguo Wen, Kunmin Zhanf, Bin Du, Yadong Li, Wei Li GPI Солтүстік Вермонт (7 округ) 1950 2000 2007 Bagstad and Ceroni ISEW Бельгия 1970 2004 2008 Brent Bleys R ISEW Англия (аймақтар) 1994 2005 2008 Tim Jackson, Nat McBride, Saamah Abdallah and Nic Marks ISEW Франция 1990 2002 2008 Nourry ISEW Модена және Римини, Италия ? ? 2008 Pulselli, F. M., Tiezzi, E., Marchettini, N., Bastiononi, S. GPI Үндістан 1987 2003 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Австралия 1967 2006 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Жаңа Зеландия 1970 2005 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Жапония 1970 2003 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Қытай 1970 2005 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Тайланд 1975 2004 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Вьетнам 1992 2004 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) Edmonton Wellbeing Index Эдмонтон, Канада 1981 2008 2009 Anielski and Johannessen ISEW Тоскана, Италия 1971 2006 2009 Pulselli, F., Bravi, M., Tiezzi, E. GPI Украина 2000 2007 2010 Danilishin & Veklich ISEW Эквадор 2001 2010 2011 ANDRÉS PAÚL CORDERO SANMARTÍN GPI Юта 1990 2007 2011 Berik, G. and E. Gaddis GPI Балтимор қаласы, округі және Мэриленд штаты 1950 2005 2011 Posner, S. and R. Costanza GPI Вермонт 1960 2010 2011 Zencey, Eric, Sebastian Castro, Marigo Farr, Mark Isselhardt, Brian Kelly, Katharine Lucas, Julie Nash, Matt Pescatore, Meagan Pharis, Vinson Pierce, Tarah Rose, Daniel Sanchez, Aaron Witham, Zach Zimmerman. GPI Мэриленд 1950 2004 2012 MacGuire, S., S. Posner, H. Haake ISEW Нидерланды 1970 2010 2012 Bob van Moerkerk GPI Солтүстік Огайо 1990 2005 2012 Kenneth Bagstad and Md Rumi Shammin ISEW Фландрия, Бельгия 1990 2009 2013 Brent Bleys GPI Вермонт 1960 2011 2013 Jon D. Erickson, Eric Zencey, Matthew J. Burke, Sam Carlson, and Zachary Zimmerman GPI Австрия 1955 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Бельгия 1970 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Нидерланды 1950 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Польша 1980 1998 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Италия 1960 1990 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Швеция 1950 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Ұлыбритания 1950 2001 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Америка Құрама Штаттары 1950 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Чили 1950 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Австралия 1965 2006 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Жаңа Зеландия 1970 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Қытай 1970 2006 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Үндістан 1985 2003 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Жапония 1970 2003 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Тайланд 1975 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Вьетнам 1990 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Жаһандық 1950 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer ISEW Тоскана және Марке, Италия 1999 2009 2013 Chelli, Ciommi, Gigliarano GPI Мэриленд 1960 2013 2014 Hans Haake GPI Гавайи 2000 2020 2022 Regina Ostergaard Klem, Kirsten Oleson GPI Колорадо 1960 2011 2014 Chris Stiffler ISEW Фландрия, Бельгия 1990 2012 2014 Brent Bleys GPI Вашингтон 1960 2015 2014 Siefer Amber & Rossman Jamie GPI Красноярск өңірі, Ресей 2005 2011 2014 Pyzhev, Pyzheva & Zander GPI Бразилия 1970 2010 2015 Daniel Caixeta Andrade, Junior Ruiz Garcia GPI Гонконг 1968 2010 2015 Claudio O Delang (Book) GPI Сингапур 1968 2010 2015 Claudio O Delang (Book) GPI Массачусетс 1960 2012 2015 Jon D. Erickson, Eric Zencey, and Zachary Zimmerman GPI Орегон 1960 2010 2015 Ida Kubiszewski, Robert Costanza, Nicole E. Gorko, Michael A. Weisdorf, Austin W. Carnes, Cathrine E. Collins, Carol Franco, Lillian R. Gehres, Jenna M. Knobloch, Gayle E. Matson, Joan D. Schoepfer ISEW Грекия 2000 2012 2015 Angeliki Menegaki and Konstantinos Tsagarakis ISEW Фландрия, Бельгия 1990 2014 2016 Brent Bleys GPI Миссури 2000 2014 2016 Eric Zencey ISEW Фландрия, Бельгия 1990 2015 2017 Brent Bleys GPI АҚШ, 50 штат 2010 2011 2017 Mairi Jane Fox GPI Ляонин, Қытай 1978 2011 2017 Yu Hou ISEW Испания 1995 2014 2017 Ignacio Rodriguez Rodriguez GPI Калифорния 2010 2014 2018 Brown and Lazarus ISEW Түркия 2001 2012 2018 Angeliki Menegaki N/RWI Германия, Бавария, Гамбург, Солтүстік Рейн/Вестфалия, Рейнланд-Палатинат, Саксония, Тюрингия 1991 2014 2018 Held, Rodenhäuser, Diefenbacher, Zieschank ISEW Испания 1970 2012 2018 Tadhg O'Mahony, Paula Escardó Serra, Javier Dufour SWI Италия 1960 2014 2018 Mirko Armiento ISEW Люксембург 1960 2010 2018 Benedetto Rugani, Antonino Marvuglia, Federico Maria Pulselli GPI Вермонт 2000 2015 2018 Eric Zencey GPI Огайо 2009 2016 2018 Rob Moore GPI & ISEW Финляндия 1945 2017 2018 Hoffren GPI & ISEW 19 аймақ, Финляндия 1960 2017 201...
Indicator name Region Beginning year of study End year of study Year of publication Authors MEW (A/S) United States of America 1929 1965 1972 Nordhaus and Tobin ISEW United States of America 1951 1986, 1992 1989, 1994 Daly and Cobb ISEW Germany 1950 1990 1994 Diefenbacher ISEW Scotland, United Kingdom 1980 1991 1994 Moffatt and Wilson ISEW Netherlands 1950 1992 1995 Oegema and Rosenberg ISEW Netherlands 1950 1992 1995 Rosenberg, Oegema, Bovy ISEW Sweden 1950 1992 1996 Jackson and Stymne ISEW Austria 1955 1992 1997 Stockhammer et al. ISEW United Kingdom 1950 1996 1997 Jackson, et al. ISEW Austria 1955 1992 1997 Stockhammer, Hochreiter, Obermayr, Steiner ISEW Italy 1960 1991 1998 Giogio Guenno, Silvia Tiezzi ISEW Chile 1965 1995 1999 Castañeda GPI United States of America 1950 1994 1995 Cobb, Halstead, Rowe GPI United States of America 1950 1996 1999 Cobb, Goodman, Wackernagel GPI Australia 1950 1996 1999 Clive Hamilton SNBI Australia 1966 1967 1999 Lawn and Sanders SNBI Australia 1994 1995 1999 Lawn and Sanders ISEW Scotland, United Kingdom 1980 1993 1999 Hanley GPI Australia 1950 2000 2000 Hamilton and Dennis GPI Minnesota 1960 1995 2000 Minnesota Planning Agency GPI Alberta, Canada 1961 1999 2001 Mark Anielski ISEW Czech Republic 1988 1998 2002 Scasny ISEW Poland 1980 1997 2003 Gil and Sleszynski ISEW Wales, United Kingdom 1990 2000 2003 Matthews, Williams, Roberts, Munday GPI United States of America 1950 2002 2004 Venetoulis and Cobb GPI San Francisco Bay Area 2000 2000 2004 Venetoulis and Cobb GPI Vermont: Chittenden County and Burlington 1950 2000 2004 Costanza, Erickson et al. ISEW Thailand 1975 1999 2005 Matthew Clarke, Sardar M. N. Islam GPI Colombia 1976 2003 2006 Sánchez et al. GPI United States of America 1950 2004 2006 John Talberth, Clifford Cobb, and Noah Slattery ISEW Siena, Italy 1999 1999 2006 Pulselli, Ciampalini, Tiezzi, Zappia ISEW Belgium 1970 2000 2006 Brent Bleys GPI Victoria, Australia 1986 2003 2006 Clarke and Lawn ISEW Mexico 1993 2005 2007 Castillo López A. ISEW Netherlands 1971 2004 2007 Brent Bleys IBES/ISEW Puerto Rico 1970 2006 2007 Alameda Lozada and Diaz Rodriguez GPI China (4 regions) 1991 2001 2007 Zongguo Wen, Kunmin Zhanf, Bin Du, Yadong Li, Wei Li GPI Northern Vermont (7 counties) 1950 2000 2007 Bagstad and Ceroni ISEW Belgium 1970 2004 2008 Brent Bleys R ISEW England (regions) 1994 2005 2008 Tim Jackson, Nat McBride, Saamah Abdallah and Nic Marks ISEW France 1990 2002 2008 Nourry ISEW Modena and Rimini, Italy ? ? 2008 Pulselli, F. M., Tiezzi, E., Marchettini, N., Bastiononi, S. GPI India 1987 2003 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Australia 1967 2006 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI New Zealand 1970 2005 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Japan 1970 2003 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI China 1970 2005 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Thailand 1975 2004 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) GPI Vietnam 1992 2004 2008 Ed: Philip Lawn and Matthew Clarke (Book) Edmonton Wellbeing Index Edmonton, Canada 1981 2008 2009 Anielski and Johannessen ISEW Tuscany, Italy 1971 2006 2009 Pulselli, F., Bravi, M., Tiezzi, E. GPI Ukraine 2000 2007 2010 Danilishin & Veklich ISEW Ecuador 2001 2010 2011 ANDRÉS PAÚL CORDERO SANMARTÍN GPI Utah 1990 2007 2011 Berik, G. and E. Gaddis GPI Baltimore City, County, and the State of Maryland 1950 2005 2011 Posner, S. and R. Costanza GPI Vermont 1960 2010 2011 Zencey, Eric, Sebastian Castro, Marigo Farr, Mark Isselhardt, Brian Kelly, Katharine Lucas, Julie Nash, Matt Pescatore, Meagan Pharis, Vinson Pierce, Tarah Rose, Daniel Sanchez, Aaron Witham, Zach Zimmerman. GPI Maryland 1950 2004 2012 MacGuire, S., S. Posner, H. Haake ISEW Netherlands 1970 2010 2012 Bob van Moerkerk GPI Northern Ohio 1990 2005 2012 Kenneth Bagstad and Md Rumi Shammin ISEW Flanders, Belgium 1990 2009 2013 Brent Bleys GPI Vermont 1960 2011 2013 Jon D. Erickson, Eric Zencey, Matthew J. Burke, Sam Carlson, and Zachary Zimmerman GPI Austria 1955 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Belgium 1970 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Netherlands 1950 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Poland 1980 1998 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Italy 1960 1990 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Sweden 1950 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI United Kingdom 1950 2001 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI United States 1950 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Chile 1950 1992 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Australia 1965 2006 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI New Zealand 1970 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI China 1970 2006 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI India 1985 2003 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Japan 1970 2003 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Thailand 1975 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Vietnam 1990 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer GPI Global 1950 2005 2013 Kubiszewski, Costanza, Franco, Lawn, Talberth, Jackson, Aylmer ISEW Tuscany and Marche, Italy 1999 2009 2013 Chelli, Ciommi, Gigliarano GPI Maryland 1960 2013 2014 Hans Haake GPI Hawaii 2000 2020 2022 Regina Ostergaard Klem, Kirsten Oleson GPI Colorado 1960 2011 2014 Chris Stiffler ISEW Flanders, Belgium 1990 2012 2014 Brent Bleys GPI Washington 1960 2015 2014 Siefer Amber & Rossman Jamie GPI Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia 2005 2011 2014 Pyzhev, Pyzheva & Zander GPI Brazil 1970 2010 2015 Daniel Caixeta Andrade, Junior Ruiz Garcia GPI Hong Kong 1968 2010 2015 Claudio O Delang (Book) GPI Singapore 1968 2010 2015 Claudio O Delang (Book) GPI Massachusetts 1960 2012 2015 Jon D. Erickson, Eric Zencey, and Zachary Zimmerman GPI Oregon 1960 2010 2015 Ida Kubiszewski, Robert Costanza, Nicole E. Gorko, Michael A. Weisdorf, Austin W. Carnes, Cathrine E. Collins, Carol Franco, Lillian R. Gehres, Jenna M. Knobloch, Gayle E. Matson, Joan D. Schoepfer ISEW Greece 2000 2012 2015 Angeliki Menegaki and Konstantinos Tsagarakis ISEW Flanders, Belgium 1990 2014 2016 Brent Bleys GPI Missouri 2000 2014 2016 Zencey, Eric ISEW Flanders, Belgium 1990 2015 2017 Brent Bleys GPI US, 50 States 2010 2011 2017 Mairi Jane Fox GPI Liaoning, China 1978 2011 2017 Yu Hou ISEW Spain 1995 2014 2017 Ignacio Rodriguez Rodriguez GPI California 2010 2014 2018 Brown and Lazarus ISEW Turkey 2001 2012 2018 Angeliki Menegaki N/RWI Germany, Bavaria, Hamburg, North Rhine/Westphalia, Rhineland Palantinate, Saxonia, Thuringia 1991 2014 2018 Held, Rodenhäuser, Diefenbacher, Zieschank ISEW Spain 1970 2012 2018 Tadhg O'Mahony, Paula Escardó Serra, Javier Dufour SWI Italy 1960 2014 2018 Mirko Armiento ISEW Luxembourg 1960 2010 2018 Benedetto Rugani, Antonino Marvuglia, Federico Maria Pulselli GPI Vermont 2000 2015 2018 Eric Zencey GPI Ohio 2009 2016 2018 Rob Moore GPI & ISEW Finland 1945 2017 2018 Hoffren GPI & ISEW 19 regions, Finland 1960 2017 2018 Hoffren GPI 10 Chinese megacities (Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi'an, Wuhan, Shenyang), China 199x 201x 2018 Lu Huang ISEW Flanders, Belgium 1990 2016 2018 Brent Bleys, Jonas Van der Slycken GPI Iceland 2000 2016 2018 Anna Balafina GPI Australia 1962 2013 2019 Kenny et al. GPI 31 provinces, China 1997 2016 2019 Xianling Long, Xi Ji GPI China 1997 2016 2019 Xianling Long, Xi Ji GPI 28 OECD countries 1995(*) 2015(*) 2019 Pais, Alfonso, Marques, Fuinhas GPI South Korea and Malaysia 1980 2014 2019 Mastura Hashim, Azhar Mohamad, Imtiaz Mohammad Sifat GPI South Australia 1986 2016 2019 Philip Lawn ISEW Romania 1990 2017 2019 Butnariu & Luca ISEW Flanders 1990 2017 2019 Brent Bleys, Jonas Van der Slycken GPI New Zealand 1970 2016 2019 Patterson et al. GPI 21 cities in the Rust Belt, United States 1990 2015 2019 LaToya S. Moten ISEW Ecuador 2001 2015 2020 Sanchez et al. GPI Ohio 2009 2018 2020 Rob Moore GPI North Carolina 2005 2018 2020 Juhi Modi NWI Germany 1991 2018 2020 Held, Rodenhäuser, Diefenbacher ISEW Flanders 1990 2018 2020 Brent Bleys, Jonas Van der Slycken GPI Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil 2002 2016 2021 Senna G. N. and Serra E. G. GPI Iceland 2000 2019 2021 David Cook and Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir GPI China and 29 provinces 2016 2016 2021 Guan, Weng, Zhao, Lin, Zhang and Tu GPI United States of America, and California 1995 2017 2022 Eli Lazarus and Clair Brown ISEW/GPI Belgium 1995 2018 2023 Jonas Van der Slycken, Brent Bleys ISEW/GPI EU 15 and its Member States 1995 2018 2024 Jonas Van der Slycken, Brent Bleys
Ғылыми мақалалар мен кітаптар
Аниелски, М., М. Гриффитс, Д. Поллок, А. Тейлор, Дж. Уилсон, С. Уилсон. 2001. Альбертаның тұрақты даму тенденциялары 2000: 1961–1999 жылдардағы нақты прогресс көрсеткіштері туралы есеп. Pembina институты, орынды дамуға бағытталған. 2001 жылғы сәуір. Anielski Home (Альбертаның нақты прогресс көрсеткіштері туралы есептерді қараңыз)
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Anielski, M. and C. Soskolne. 2001. "Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) Accounting: Relating Ecological Integrity to Human Health and Well Being." Paper in Just Ecological Integrity: The Ethics of Maintaining Planetary Life, eds. Peter Miller and Laura Westra. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield: pp. 83–97. Bagstad, K., G. Berik, and E. Gaddis. 2014. “Methodological developments in U. S. state level Genuine Progress Indicators: Toward GPI 2.0” Ecological Indicators 43: 474 485. Berik, G. 2020. “Measuring What Matters and Guiding Policy: An Evaluation of the Genuine Progress Indicator” International Labour Review, 159 (1): 71 93. Bleys, B., & Van der Slycken, J. (2019). De Index voor Duurzame Economische Welvaart (ISEW) voor Vlaanderen, 1990–2017. Studie uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij, MIRA, MIRA/2019/04, Universiteit Gent. Web: https://biblio. ugent. be/publication/8641018/file/8641020
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Colman, Ronald. 2003. Economic Value of Civic and Voluntary Work. GPI Atlantic. Halifax, Nova Scotia. Web:
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