Француз авиациясының тарихы: SNCASO және Sud Aviation құрылуы

SNCASO (abbreviated from Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud Ouest, or commonly, Sud Ouest) was a French aircraft manufacturer. Created during 1936 as one of seven nationalised aeronautical manufacturing companies, SNCASO became a key French aircraft manufacturer following the end of the Second World War. It produced numerous innovation aircraft; amongst the company's more notable projects was the first French jet aircraft, the Sud Ouest Triton, and the first indigenously developed French helicopter, the Sud Ouest Djinn. On 1 March 1957, SNCASO merged with another French nationalised aviation company, SNCASE, (Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud Est), to form Sud Aviation.

Following the resolution of the 1936 general strike of French heavy industry, the government of Léon Blum introduced an act to nationalize the French war industry. In accordance with this agreement, SNCASO was formed on 16 November 1936 from the merger of the factories of Blériot of Suresnes, Bloch of Villacoublay and Courbevoie, SASO (Société Aéronautique du Sud Ouest) of Bordeaux Mérignac, UCA (Usine de Construction Aéronautique) of Bordeaux Bègles, Société Aérienne Bordelaise (SAB) of Bordeaux Bacalan and Lioré et Olivier of Rochefort. Additionally, SNCASO constructed a new factory in Déols during that same year. The company's fortunes, along with that of the wider French nation, were heavily affected by the events of the Second World War, particularly the formation of the occupation of France by German forces. Despite the country's hardship during the conflict, SNCASO continued to operate. During 1941, the Paris design bureaus of both the nationalized and the private aircraft firms were relocated; according to aviation historian Gérard Hartmann, this measure was taken to avoid capture. Amongst the first new aviation projects to be launched in France during the postwar era was SNCASO's jet powered Sud Ouest Triton. The development of indigenously designed jet aircraft was seen as of national importance to the government, being intended to symbolise and embody the speedy recovery of France's industrial and military strength. To speed up development of the Triton, which would become the first French jet powered aircraft to fly, it was decided to use the German designed Junkers Jumo 004 B2 engine after severe development issues were encountered with the indigenously developed Rateau Anxionnaz GTS 65 turbojet engine. The British Rolls Royce Nene turbojet engine was also adopted for multiple of the prototypes. On 11 November 1946, the first prototype Triton performed its maiden flight. While this newer design did not share an identical tip jet system to the Ariel, the type did rely upon the same basic concept of feeding compressed air, which was generated by an onboard pump, to the tips of the vehicle's rotor blades to drive the movement of the blades. First flying in January 1953, the Djinn proved itself to be a viable design; after several further prototypes were completed and tested, the type went into mass production. The Djinn was the first indigenously developed French helicopter, as well as being one of the first practical European helicopters to be produced. It was also the first tip jet propelled rotorcraft to enter production. Almost immediately after the war, the resurgent French Air Force also produced a requirement for a jet bomber with a takeoff weight of roughly 25–30 tonnes and capable of flying at high subsonic speeds; its development was viewed as a major technological challenge as it called for the production of France's first jet bomber. SNCASO was amongst several French aircraft manufacturers to tender, submitting its SO.4000; it received a development order for a pair of manned scale models and a full sized prototype. During 1947, as a result of the rapid advances made in aviation technologies made around this time, plans for the SO.4000's production run were abandoned; nevertheless, it was decided to complete the two scale models and the full size prototype for experimental purposes. Both scale models provided valuable data on features such as swept wings, pilot escape systems, spoiler control, and leading edge slats. According to Gunston and Gilchrist, the SO.4000 was a very heavy aircraft, which only compounded the weakness of possessing relatively little engine power, giving it an extremely poor thrust to weight ratio even when empty; they also criticised it as possessing "useless capabilities". During June 1951, the French Armée de l'Air (AdA) issued a separate requirement for a jet powered aircraft capable of functioning as a bomber, a low level attack aircraft, or an all weather interceptor. In response, SNCASO adapted its existing S. O. 4000 design to perform the desired roles. During 1951, prototype testing had demonstrated promising performance for the type, which encouraged its further development. Named the Vautour, the IIB bomber variant was used to carry France's nuclear weapons in addition to a conventional arsenal; as such, for some years the Vautour was an important element of the nation's nuclear deterrent. According to aviation authors Bill Gunston and Peter Gilchrist, "It would be fair to claim that in the early 1950s the Vautour was the most promising twin jet warplane in Western Europe". SNCASO developed several variants of the Vautour for different purposes, including the interceptor role; several were proposed but ultimately unbuilt. During 1956, two years prior to the Vautour even entering squadron service, France issued a more demanding requirement for a supersonic replacement aircraft. The Vautour was viewed as a stop gap measure for the nuclear deterrent role, as its performance in this role was typically thought to be limited at best, while this more capable follow on aircraft was under development. During the rationalisation of the nationalised Aircraft Industry during the 1950s, SNCASO was merged with SNCASE to form Sud Aviation on 1 March 1957. Over the subsequent decades, Sud Aviation was in turn was amalgamated into French defense conglomerate Aérospatiale and eventually became a part of the multinational EADS group, today trading as the Airbus Group.

SO.30 Bretagne
SNCASO SO.60C 1950s abandoned project for a twin engine jet airliner
SO.80 Biarritz
SO.90 Corse
SO.95 Corse II
SO.177
SO.1100 Ariel
SO.1110 Ariel
SO.1120 Ariel
SO.1220 Djinn
SO.1310 Farfardet
SO.3050
SO.4000
SO.4050 Vautour
SO.6000 Triton
SO.6020 Espadon
SO.7010 Pégase
SO.7050 Deauville
SO.7055 Deauville
SO.7060 Deauville
SO.8000 Narval
SO.9000 Trident I
SO.9050 Trident II
SO. M 1
SO. M 2
SO. P 1 Ferblantine