Грузия патшаларының тарихы (б.з.д. 299 – 1800 жж.)

Rulers of Georgia from 299 BC to 1800 AD

This is a list of kings and queens regnant of the kingdoms of Georgia before Russian annexation in 1801–1810. For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.

NamePortraitReignNotesPharnavaz I ფარნავაზი 299 – 234 BCKing of Iberia. Sauromaces I საურმაგ I234 – 159 BCKing of Iberia. Son of Pharnavaz. Mirian I მირიან I159 – 109 BCKing of Iberia. Son in law and adopted son of Sauromaces I. Pharnajom ფარნაჯომი109 – 90 BCKing of Iberia. Son of Mirian I. Artaxias I არშაკ I90 – 78 BCKing of Iberia. Husband of Pharnajom's sister. Artoces არტაგი78 – 63 BCKing of Iberia. Son of Artaxias I. Pharnavaz II ფარნავაზ II63 – 30 BCKing of Iberia. Son of Artoces. Mirian II მირიან II30 – 20 BCKing of Iberia. Son of Pharnajom. Arshak II არშაკ II20 BC – 1 ADKing of Iberia. Son of Mirian II. Pharasmanes I the Great ფარსმან I დიდი1 – 58King of Iberia. Grandson of Pharnavaz II. Mihrdat I მირდატ I58 – 106King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes I. Amazasp I ამაზასპი106 – 116King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat I. Pharasmanes II the Valiant ფარსმან II ქველი116 – 132King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp I. Ghadam ღადამი132 – 135King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes II. Pharasmanes III ფარსმან III135 – 185King of Iberia. Son of Ghadam. Amazasp II ამაზასპ II185 – 189King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes III. Rev I the Just რევ I მართალი189 – 216King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp II's sister. Vache ვაჩე216 – 234King of Iberia. Son of Rev I. Bacurius I ბაკურ I234 – 249King of Iberia. Son of Vache. Mihrdat II მირდატ II249 – 265King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius I. Amazasp III ამაზასპ III260 – 265Anti king of Iberia. Aspacures I ასფაგურ I265 – 284King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat II. Mirian III მირიან III284 – 361King of Iberia. Husband of Aspacures I's daughter. The 1st Georgian king who adopted Christianity and introduced it as a state religion during his reign. Co ruled with his son Rev II of Iberia (345–361). Rev II რევ II345 – 361Sauromaces II საურმაგ II361 – 363King of Iberia. Son of Rev II. Aspacures II ასფაგურ II363 – 365King of Iberia. Son of Mirian III. Mihrdat III მირდატ III365 – 380, diarch 370–378King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures II. Ruled with Sauromaces II between 370 and 378. Aspacures III ასფაგურ III380 – 394King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat III. Trdat თრდატი394 – 406King of Iberia. Son of Rev II. Pharasmanes IV ფარსმან IV406 – 409King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III. Mihrdat IV მირდატ IV409 – 411King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III. Archil არჩილი411 – 435King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat IV. Mihrdat V მირდატ V435 – 447King of Iberia. Son of Archil. Vakhtang I Gorgasali ვახტანგ I გორგასალი447 – 522King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat V. Dachi დაჩი522 – 534King of Iberia. Son of Vakhtang I. Bacurius II ბაკურ II534 – 547King of Iberia. Son of Dachi. Pharasmanes V ფარსმან V547 – 561King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius II. Pharasmanes VI ფარსმან VI561 – ?King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes V's brother. Bacurius III ბაკურ III? – 580The last king of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes VI. Kingship was abolished by Hormizd IV.

RulerBornReignDeathTerritoryConsortNotesAshot I the Great(აშოტ I დიდი) Before 807Son of Adarnase I of Tao Klarjeti 807 830(813 830 as Prince of Iberia) c.830Nigali valleyaged at least 22/23 Principality of Tao Klarjeti Unknownfour children First of the Bagratid family to be Prince of Iberia, in 813. From his base in Tao Klarjeti, he fought to enlarge the Bagratid territories and sought the Byzantine protectorate against the Arab encroachment. A patron of Christian culture and a friend of the church, he has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Bagrat I(ბაგრატ I) Before 826Son of Ashot I 830 876 876aged at least 49/50 Principality of Tao Klarjeti Unknown (of Armenia)(daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni)three children Also Prince of Iberia. Bagrat shared with his brothers the patrimonial holdings, but which lands he actually possessed is not directly indicated in the medieval sources. He found himself in a constant struggle with the Arabs, the Abasgians and the Kakhetians over the possession of central Iberia. Adarnase II(ადარნასე II) Before 826Sons of Ashot I 830 867 867aged at least 40/41 Principality of Tao Klarjeti Bevreli of Abkhazia(daughter of Bagrat I of Abkhazia)three children Brothers of Bagrat, ruled in different parts of the principality. Guaram(გუარამ) 830 882 882aged at least 55/56 Principality of Tao Klarjeti Unknown (of Armenia)(daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni)one childDavid I(დავით I) ?Son of Bagrat I 876 881 881 Principality of Tao Unknown(daughter of Constantine III of Abkhazia)two childrenAlso Prince of Iberia. David shared the Bagratid hereditary lands in Tao Klarjeti with his uncles and cousins. Gurgen I(გურგენ I) ?Son of Adarnase II and Bevreli of Abkhazia 876 891(881 888 as Prince of Iberia) 891 Principality of Tao Unknown (of Armenia)(daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni)two children Joined prince Adarnase and king Ashot I of Armenia against prince Nasra of Tao Klarjeti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. Adarnase claimed a royal status since then, and Gurgen retained his patrimony. Sumbat I(სუმბატ I) ?Son of Adarnase II of Tao Klarjeti and Bevreli of Abkhazia 876 889 889 Principality of Klarjeti Khosrovanushtwo childrenSumbat received the province of Klarjeti as an appanage where he ruled with the title of mampali, which seems to have passed on to Sumbat and his progeny after the extinction of the line of Guaram Mampali. Adarnase IV(ადარნასე IV) ?Son of David I 888 923 923 Kingdom of Iberia Unknownsix childrenAs he was still a minor, the Byzantine emperor – pursuant to the policy of division – appointed as curopalates, not Adarnase, but his cousin Gurgen. However, the latter joined Adarnase and king Ashot I of Armenia against prince Nasra of Tao Klarjeti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. The victory allowed Adarnase to claim a royal status for himself. Adarnase was, then, responsible for the restoration of the Iberian kingship, which had been in abeyance since it had been abolished by Sasanian Empire in the 6th century, in 888. David I(დავით I) ?Sons of Sumbat I 889 943 23 February 943 Principality of Klarjeti Unknownone childSons of Sumbat I, ruled jointly. Bagrat I(ბაგრატი I) 889 900 20 April 900 Principality of Klarjeti Unknownfive childrenAdarnase III(ადარნასე III) ?Son of Gurgen I 891 896 896 Principality of Tao Unknownthree childrenAshot I (II) the Immature(აშოტ კუხი) ?Son of Gurgen I 896 918 918 Principality of Tao Unknownthree children Uncle and nephew, probably ruled jointly. After the death of his nephew, Ashot continued his rule alone. David(დავით) ?First son of Adarnase III 896 908 908 Principality of Tao Unknownthree childrenGurgen II the Great(გურგენ II დიდი) ?Second son of Gurgen I 918 941 14 February 941 Principality of Tao Unknown (of Klarjeti)(daughter of Ashot the Swift)one child A patron of local monastic communities, Gurgen presided over the construction of a new cathedral at Khandzta. Gurgen was an energetic ruler and accumulated in his hands much power, ruling over Tao, parts of Klarjeti and Javakheti, and also Adjara and Nigali. The expansion of his territories was at the expense of his cousins and neighbours. However, left no male children and his lands went to his cousins. David II(დავით II)?Son of Adarnase IV 923 937 937 Kingdom of Iberia Unknownfour children In spite of his royal title and unlike his father, David did not bear the traditional high Byzantine title of curopalates, which was bestowed by the emperor upon David's younger brother Ashot II. As a result, David's influence and prestige were overshadowed by those of this younger brother. Sumbat I(სუმბატ I) ?Son of Adarnase IV 937 958 958 Kingdom of Iberia Unknowntwo children Heir of his two brothers, he united Iberia with part of Tao. Bagrat I(ბაგრატ I) ?Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia 941 945 March 945 Principality of Upper Tao Unknown (of Klarjeti)(daughter of Ashot the Swift)one child Ashot II(გურგენ II დიდი) ?Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia 941 954 954 Principality of Lower Tao UnmarriedLeft no descendants. After his death his lands went to Iberia. Lower Tao annexed to the Kingdom of IberiaSumbat II(სუმბატ II) ?Son of David I 943 988 988 Principality of Klarjeti Unknownone childAdarnase IV(ადარნასე IV) ?Son of Bagrat I 945 961 961 Principality of Upper Tao Unknowntwo children Bagrat II the Simple(ბაგრატ II რეგუენი) ?Son of Sumbat I 958 994 994 Kingdom of Iberia Unmarried Frequently appeared as a collaborator of his relative David III of Tao, the most influential person among the Bagratids of that time, aiding him against the Rawadids of Azerbaijan. Bagrat II(ბაგრატ II) ?Son of Adarnase IV 961 966 966 Principality of Upper Tao Unmarried David III the Great(დავით III დიდი) ?Son of Adarnase IV 966 1001 1001 Principality of Upper Tao Unknowntwo children David II(დავით II) ?Sons of Sumbat II 988 993 993 Principality of Klarjeti UnmarriedSons of Sumbat II, ruled jointly for forty days, before Bagrat's death. Bagrat II(ბაგრატი II) 988 988 Principality of Klarjeti Unknowntwo childrenSumbat III(სუმბატი III) ?Son of Bagrat II 993 1011 1011 Principality of Klarjeti Unknowntwo childrenGurgen II(გურგენი II) ?Son of Bagrat II 994 1008 c.830Nigali valleyaged at least 22/23 Kingdom of Iberia Gurandukht of Abkhaziaone child In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia. The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia. Bagrat III the Unifier(ბაგრატ III) 960KutaisiSon of Gurgen of Georgia and Gurandukht of AbkhaziaAdopted son of David III 1001 1008 7 May 1014Taoaged 53/54 Principality of Upper Tao Martha two children Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia. United for the first time all the territory of Georgia. 1008–1014 Kingdom of GeorgiaIn 1008, Upper Tao was annexed to GeorgiaBagrat III(ბაგრატ III) ?Son of Sumbat III 1011 1028 1028 Principality of Klarjeti Unmarried In 1028 he was imprisoned by Bagrat IV of Georgia, and died during captivity. His lands were absorbed by Georgia. In 1028, Klarjeti was annexed to GeorgiaGeorge I(გიორგი I) 998 or 1002Son of Bagrat III and Martha 1014–1027 16 August 1027Mqinwarni or Itaroniaged 24/25 or 28/29 Kingdom of Georgia Mariam of Vaspurakanc.1018 (annulled)four childrenAlda of Alaniaone childBagrat IV(ბაგრატ IV)(Under guardianship of Mariam of Vaspurakan(მარიამი, Մարիամ)(1027 1037)) 1018Son of George I and Mariam of Vaspurakan 1027–1072 1072Marabdaaged 53/54 Kingdom of Georgia Helena Argyre1032Kutaisino childrenBorena of AlaniaBetween 1033 and 1040three childrenHis mother, while regent, negotiated a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire, and returned with the high Byzantine title of curopalates for Bagrat in 1032. Bagrat had the opposition of:
Demetrius of Anacopia (დემეტრე) (1027–42)Magistros, Bagrat's half brother, and son of Alda of Alania, had the support of his mother, the Byzantine Empire and the Liparitid clan. Prince George (გიორგი) (1050–53)Bagrat's heir, opposed to his father for a brief period. George II(გიორგი II) 1054Son of Bagrat IV and Borena of Alania 1072–10891089 1112(nominally) 1112aged 57/58 Kingdom of Georgia Helenac.1070one child Previously opposed to his father. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David, to whom he remained a nominal co ruler until his death in 1112. David IV the Builder(დავით IV აღმაშენებელი) 1073KutaisiSon of George II and Helena 1089–1125 24 January 1125Tbilisiaged 51/52 Kingdom of Georgia Rusudan of Armeniac.1090(annulled 1107)four children?Gurandukht of the Kipchaksc.1107four children?Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country in 1121. His reforms enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. Demetrius I(დემეტრე I) 1093Son of David IV and Rusudan of Armenia 1125–11541155–1156 1156Mtskhetaaged 62/63 Kingdom of Georgia UnknownBefore 1130four children Also a poet. In 1154, he was forced by his own son David to abdicate and become a monk. With David's death months later, he was restored to the throne, but did not survive much longer. Demetrius had the opposition of:
Prince David (დავით) (1130)Demetrius' heir, opposed to his father for a brief period. Even with the rebellion crushed, he ended up expelling his father from the throne. David V(დავით V) Before 1130sFirst son of Demetrius I 1154–1155 1155aged at least 24/25 Kingdom of Georgia UnknownBefore 1130at least one child Previous opponent against his father. Forced him to abdicate, but died a few months later. George III(გიორგი III) Before 1130sSecond son of Demetrius I 1155–1184 27 March 1184aged at least 53/54 Kingdom of Georgia Burdukhan of Alaniac.1155two children His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. However, George had the opposition of:
Demetrius of Georgia (დემეტრე) (1177–78)Son of David V, had the support of the Orbeli noble family. Tamar I the Great(თამარ მეფე) c.1160Daughter of George III and Burdukhan of Alania 1184–1213 18 January 1213Agaraniaged 52/53 Kingdom of Georgia Yury Bogolyubskyc.1185 (annulled 1187)no childrenDavid Soslan1189two children Co ruler with her father since 1178. Ruled in a period of political and military successes and cultural achievements, presiding the peak of the Georgian Golden Age. George IV the Resplendent(გიორგი IV ლაშა) c.1191Son of David Soslan and Queen Tamar 1213–1223 18 January 1223Bagavanaged 31–32 Kingdom of Georgia Unmarried Co ruler with his mother since 1207, continued her policy, but, at the end of his reign was defeated by a Mongol expedition. Rusudan(რუსუდან მეფე) 1194Daughter of David Soslan and Queen Tamar 1223–1245 1245Tbilisiaged 50–51 Kingdom of Georgia Ghias ad dinc.1223 (annulled 1226)two children Period marked by Mongol invasions of Georgia. The queen was forced to accept the sovereignty of the Mongol Khan in 1242, to pay an annual tribute and to support the Mongols with a Georgian army. David VI & I the Younger(დავით VI ნარინი) 1225Son of Ghias ad din and Queen Rusudan 1245–1259(From 1248 junior co ruler of David VII) 1293Tbilisiaged 67–68 Kingdom of Georgia Tamar Amanelisdzebefore 1254three childrenTheodora Doukaina Palaiologina of Byzantium1254one child Co ruler with his mother since 1230. Forced by the Mongols to share power with his cousin David VII (1248), he rose against Mongol domination (1259), but failed, and became restrained to an eastern kingdom, named Imereti, from 1259, where he ruled alone, passing it to his descendants. As King of Imereti, developed friendly relations with the Golden Horde and Bahri dynasty of Egypt, and repulsed the Ilkhanate attacks. He also interfered in Trebizond's politics. 1259 1293 Western GeorgiaDavid VII the Elder(დავით VII ულუ) 1215Illegitimate son of George IV 1248–1259(as senior co ruler of David VI) 1270Tbilisiaged 54/55 Kingdom of Georgia Jigda Khatunbefore 1252no childrenAltun of Alania(in bigamy, repudiated 1252)c.1249Gvantsa Kakhaberidze(in polygamy until 1252)1250one child Esukan1263no children Co ruler with his cousin until 1259. Forced by the Mongols to share power with his cousin David VI (1248), he rose against Mongol domination (1262), but failed. However, his negotiation of peace made him lord of the western part of the Georgian Kingdom, which kept the original name, Georgia. A heavy burden of Mongol dominance led to a political and economic crisis in the kingdom. 1259 1270 Eastern GeorgiaBetween 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Imereti was ruled by distinct kings from the rest of Georgia. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, now ruled distinct parts of the country. Imereti had a few more periods of independence, between 1387 and 1412 (during Timur's invasions of Georgia), and again between 1446 and 1452. Demetrius II the Devoted(დემეტრე II თავდადებული) 1259First son of David VII and Gvantsa Kakhaberidze 1270–1289 12 March 1289Movakaniaged 29/30 Eastern Georgia Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond1277five childrenSolghar of Mongolia(in polygamy? )Before 1280three childrenNatela Jaqeli(in polygamy? )1280one child Criticized for his possible polygamy. Executed by the Great Khan. Vakhtang II(ვახტანგ II) Before 1254First son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze 1289–1292 1292aged at least 37/38 Eastern Georgia Oljath Khan1289no children Ascended in Georgia, with the consent of the Mongols. Constantine I(კონსტანტინე I) Before 1254Second son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze 1293–1327 1327aged at least 72/73 Western Georgia unknownBefore 1327no children Unlike his western counterparts, Constantine remained independent from the Ilkhanid hegemony. However, his troubled reign was marked by the opposition of his brother, Michael. David VIII(დავით VIII) 1273First son of Demetre II and Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond 1292–13021308 1311 1311aged 37/38 Eastern Georgia Oljath Khan1291no childrenUnknown, from Surameli family1302one child Refused to submit to the orders of the Mongols, and between 1299 and 1308 he was declared a deposed king, as his own brothers were supported by the Mongol Khan. Albeit forced to abdicate of the throne by his brother Vakhtang, after the latter's death he was restored as king. George V the Brilliant(გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე) 1286 or 1289Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli 1299–13021313 1330 1346aged 56/57 or 59/60 Eastern Georgia Unknownbefore 1346one son In 1299, the Ilkhanid khan Ghazan installed him as a rival ruler to George's elder brother, the rebellious Georgian King David VIII. However, George's authority did not extend beyond the Mongol protected capital Tbilisi, so George was referred to during this period as "The Shadow King of Tbilisi". In 1302, he was replaced by his brother, Vakhtang III. After deposition, was named regent for his nephew, George VI, who died as a minor. He then re ascended as king, reuniting Georgia in 1330. A flexible and far sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century long Mongol domination, restoring the country's previous strength and Christian culture. 1330 1346 Kingdom of GeorgiaVakhtang III(ვახტანგ III) 1276Second son of Demetre II and Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond 1302–1308 1308aged 31/32 Eastern Georgia Ripsimebefore 1308two childrenGeorge VI the Minor(გიორგი VI მცირე)(Under guardianship of Prince George) c.1302Son of David VIII 1311–1313 1313aged 10/11 Eastern Georgia Unmarried Under regency of his uncle, George V. Died as a minor. Michael I(მიქელ I) Before 1254Third son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze 1327–1329 1329aged at least 74/75 Western Georgia unknownBefore 1329one child Opposed his brother, Constantine I. Sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I. Bagrat I the Minor(ბაგრატ I მცირე) Before 1329Son of Michael I 1329–1330 1372aged at least 42/43 Western Georgia Unknown(a daughter of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli)1358three children Still a minor, was deposed by George V. David IX(დავით IX) Before 1346Son of George V 1346–1360 1360aged at least 13–14 Kingdom of Georgia Sindukhtarbefore 1360two childrenThe prosperity of the kingdom did not last, as the Black Death swept through the area in 1348. In 1360, Georgia lost Armenia. Bagrat V the Great(ბაგრატ V დიდი) Before 1360Son of George V 1360–1387 1393aged at least 32/33 Kingdom of Georgia Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizondbefore 1366two childrenAnna Megala Komnene of TrebizondJune 1366one childA fair and popular ruler, was imprisoned by the Golden Horde. Agreed to convert from Christianity and become Muslim. 1387–1392 Eastern Georgia 1392 1393 Kingdom of GeorgiaAlexander I(ალექსანდრე I) After 1358First son of Bagrat I 1387–1389 1389aged not more than 30/31 Kingdom of Imereti Anna OrbelianiBefore 1389two childrenGeorge I(გიორგი I) After 1358Second son of Bagrat I 1389–1392 1392aged not more than 33/34 Kingdom of Imereti Unmarried In 1392 Imereti is reannexed to Georgia. George VII(გიორგი VII) Before 1366Son of Bagrat V and Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond 1393–1396 1407aged at least 40/41 Kingdom of Georgia Unmarried Western Georgia was lost again in 1396. 1396–1407 Eastern GeorgiaConstantine II(კონსტანტინე II) After 1358Second son of Bagrat I 1396–1401 1401aged not more than 42/43 Kingdom of Imereti Unmarried In 1396, Constantine took advantage of George VII's continuous war with Timur—in which a great number of Imeretians died—and the death of Vameq Dadiani and returned to Imereti. Constantine I(კონსტანტინე I) c.1366Son of Bagrat V and Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond 1407–1412 1412aged 45/46 Eastern Georgia Natia Amirejibic.1389three childrenDemetrius I(დემეტრე I) Before 1389Son of Alexander I and Anna Orbeliani 1401–1412 1445aged at least 55/56 Kingdom of Imereti UnknownBefore 1445no children From 1412 accepts suzerainty from Georgia and rules as duke. Alexander I the Great(ალექსანდრე I დიდი) 1386Son of Constantine I and Natia Amirejibi 1412–1442 27 August 1445 or 7 March 1446aged 58–60 Kingdom of Georgia Dulandukht Orbelianic.1411three childrenTamar of Imeretic.1414three children Regains Imereti in 1412. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco Mongol warlord Timur's invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. He was the last ruler of a united Georgia which was relatively free from foreign domination. Abdicated. Demetrius III(დიმიტრი III) 1413Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani 1433–1446 1453aged 39/40 Kingdom of Georgia Gulkhan of Imereti(d.1472)c.1450one child Co ruler since 1433, ruled with his father and then his brother Vakhtang. Vakhtang IV(ვახტანგ IV) 1413Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani 1442–1446 December 1446aged 32/33 Kingdom of Georgia Sitikhatun Panaskerteli Tsitsishvilic.1442no children George VIII(გიორგი VIII) 1417Son of Alexander I and Tamar of Imereti 1446–1463 1476aged 58/59 Kingdom of Georgia Tamar1445five children?Nestan Darejan1456five children? In 1463 lost Imereti once more. From 1465, renounced Georgia and ruled only in Kakheti. 1463 1466 Eastern Georgia 1466 1476 Kingdom of KakhetiBagrat VI(ბაგრატ VI) 1439Son of Prince George of Georgia and Gulkhan of Imereti 1463–1466 1478aged 58/59 Kingdom of Imereti Helena(d. 3 November 1510)three children Paternal grandson of Constantine I of Georgia. In 1463 rose as King of Imereti, and in 1466 ascended in Kartli (the part George VIII renounced), reuniting it with Imereti. 1466 1478 Kingdom of GeorgiaAlexander I(ალექსანდრე I) 1445Son of George VIII and Tamar or Nestan Darejan 1476 1511 27 April 1511aged 65/66 Kingdom of Kakheti Anna Cholokashvilitwo childrenTinatin(the same person as Anna?) Alexander's pliancy and flexible diplomacy earned him security from the neighboring powers, only to be murdered by his own son George II "the Bad". He recognized the suzerainty of Shah Ismail I of Safavid Iran at the beginning of the 16th century. Alexander II(ალექსანდრე II) Before 1478Son of Bagrat VI and Helena 1478 1 April 1510aged at least 31/32 Kingdom of Georgia Tamar(d. 12 March 1510)seven children After being deposed by Constantine II, Alexander recovered Imereti after Constantine's defeat at the hands of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli, a powerful atabeg of Samtskhe, in 1483, but lost Kutaisi to Constantine again a year later. In 1488, Alexander took advantage of the Ak Koyunlu Turkoman invasion of Kartli, and seized control of Imereti. 1488 1510 Kingdom of ImeretiConstantine II(კონსტანტინე II) 1447Son of Demetrius III and Gulkhan of Imereti 1478 1488 1505aged 57/58 Kingdom of Georgia Tamar(d. 1492)1473eleven children 23rd and last King of the Kingdom of Georgia. Paternal grandson of Alexander I of Georgia. Early in the 1490s, he had to recognise the independence of his rival rulers of Imereti and Kakheti, and to confine his power to Kartli. 1488 1505 Kingdom of Kartli(Remaining Georgia)In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms. The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division. David X(დავით X) 1482Son of Constantine II and Tamar 1505 1526 1526aged 43/44 Kingdom of Kartli Nestan Darejan Baratashvilino childrenTamar(d.1554)eight children Despite the fact that Constantine had recognised the independence of the breakaway Georgian kingdoms of Imereti and Kakheti, the rivalry among these polities was to continue under David. He had to defend his kingdom against the attacks by Alexander II of Imereti and George II of Kakheti. Bagrat III(ბაგრატ III) 23 September 1495Son of Alexander II and Tamar 1510 1565 September 1565aged 69/70 Kingdom of Imereti Elena(d.1565)six children Faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. George II the Wicked(გიორგი II) 1464Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani 1511 1513 1513aged 48/49 Kingdom of Kakheti Elena Irubakidze Cholokashvili(d.1532)three children After a failed incursion in Kartli, ended in prison, where he was soon killed. Kakheti briefly annexed to KartliLeon(ლევანი) 1504Son of George II and Elena Irubakidze Cholokashvili 1520 1574 1574aged 69/70 Kingdom of Kakheti Tinatin Gurieli(annulled 1529)two childrenUnknown(daughter of Kamal Kara Musel, Shamkhal of Tarku)fourteen children Restored the kingdom of Kakheti and presided over the most prosperous and peaceful period in its history. George IX(გიორგი IX) ?Son of David X and Tamar Jaqeli 1525 1527 1539 Kingdom of Kartli Unmarried Abdicated to his brotherLuarsab I(ლუარსაბ I) 1502 or 1509Son of David X and Tamar Jaqeli 1527 1556/58 1556 or 1558Garisiaged 47–56 Kingdom of Kartli Tamar of Imeretieight childrenPersistent in his resistance against Safavid Persian aggression, he was killed in the Battle of Garisi. Simon I the Great(სიმონ I დიდი) 1537Son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti 1556 15691578 1599 1611Constantinopleaged 73/74 Kingdom of Kartli Nestan Darejan of Kakhetione childHis first tenure was marked by war against the Persian domination of Georgia. In 1569 he was captured by the Persians, and spent nine years in captivity. In 1578 he was released and reinstalled in Kartli. During this period (i. e. his second tenure), he fought as a Persian subject against the Ottoman domination of Georgia. In 1599 Simon I was captured by the Ottomans and died in captivity. George II(გიორგი II) Before 1510Son of Bagrat III and Elena 1565 1585 1585aged at least 74/75 Kingdom of Imereti Unknownone childRusudan Shervashidze(d.1578)two childrenTamar Diasamidzethree childrenWith his ascend to the throne, George found himself involved in the civil war among his vassals. David XIDāwūd Khan II(დავით XI,داود خان, დაუთ ხანი) After 1537Son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti 1569 1578 c.1579Constantinopleaged less than 41/42 Kingdom of Kartli Elene(relative of Alexander II of Kakheti)four childrenA convert to Islam, he was appointed as Khan of Kartli by the Persian Shah Tahmasp I from 1562 (effectively from 1569) to 1578. Alexander II(ალექსანდრე II) 1527Son of Leon and Tinatin Gurieli 1574 16011602 1605 12 March 1605Dzegamiaged 77/78 Kingdom of Kakheti Tinatin Amilakhvari In spite of a precarious international situation, he managed to retain relative economic stability in his kingdom and tried to establish contacts with the Tsardom of Russia. In October 1601, Alexander's son, David, revolted from the royal authority and seized the crown, forcing his father to retire to a monastery. David would die a year later, on October 2, 1602, and Alexander was able to resume the throne. Alexander fell victim to the Iran sponsored coup led by his other son, Constantine. Leon(ლევანი) 1573Son of George II and Rusudan Shervashidze 1585 1588 1590aged 17/18 Kingdom of Imereti Marekhi Dadianino childrenWith his ascend to the throne, Leon faced a revolt by his own uncle, Constantine, who defied the royal authority and took control of Upper Imereti. Leon made an alliance with the Mingrelian prince Mamia IV Dadiani, and forced Constantine to surrender in 1587. He then would also face the hostilities of Simon I of Kartli and his own brother in law, who deposed him. Rostom(როსტომი) 1571(Illegitimate?) Son of Prince Constantine 1588 15891590 1605 1605aged 33/34 Kingdom of Imereti UnmarriedRostom was son of the rebellious prince Constantine, he was raised to the throne with support of Mamia IV Dadiani, who deposed Leon. Rostom's authority was defied, however, by his vassal Giorgi II Gurieli, who employed an Ottoman force to dethrone the king in favor of Bagrat IV, paternal grandson of Bagrat III. After Rostom fled to Mingrelia, Simon I of Kartli deposed Bagrat and brought most of Imereti under his control. Manuchar I Dadiani rejected Simon's ultimatum, moved into Imereti, defeated the invaders and reinstated Rostom as king. However, the authority started to be held by an aristocratic élite, notably by the prince of Mingrelia. Bagrat IV(ბაგრატ IV) 1565Son of Prince Teimuraz 1589 1590 After 1590aged at least 24/25 Kingdom of ImeretiGeorge X(გიორგი X) 1561TbilisiSon of Simon I and Nestan Darejan of Kakheti 1599 1606 7 September 1606Constantinopleaged 44/45 Kingdom of Kartli Mariam/Tamar Lipartiani(d.1614)15 September 1578five children Fought alongside his father against the Ottoman occupation forces since 1598. Held power after Simon was taken captive by the Turks at the Battle of Nakhiduri in 1599. George attempted several times, though vainly, to ransom his father (who would die as a prisoner in 1612) from captivity and even offered to the Sublime Porte his son as hostage. Supported the Persians against the Ottomans. He was also the first king of Kartli who attempted to establish diplomatic ties with the northern co religionist power of Muscovy. George decided even to give his daughter Elene to the Czar Boris Godunov in marriage. However, unstable political situation in both countries terminated these contacts. David I(დავით I) 1569GremiSon of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari 1601 1602 21 October 1602Gremiaged 31/32 Kingdom of Kakheti Ketevan of Mukhrani the Martyr1581four children In mid 1601, he capitalized on the illness of his father and gained an effective control of the government. However, died a year later. His father then recovered the throne. Constantine IKustandil Khan(კონსტანტინე I,کنستانتین خان‎, კონსტანტინე ხანი) 1567Son of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari 1605 22 October 1605aged 33/34 Kingdom of Kakheti Unknown(a granddaughter of Alexander II) His subjects refused to recognize a patricide (he murdered Alexander II) and revolted. The rebellion was led by Constantine's sister in law, the widow Ketevan, who requested aid from George X of Kartli. Constantine bribed some of the rebel nobles, but in the end had to flee. The rebels sent emissaries to Abbas I of Persia and pledged loyalty, provided that Abbas confirmed their candidate, Ketevan's son Teimuraz, as a Christian king of Kakheti. George III(გიორგი III) Before 1605Son of Prince Constantine and Elena Gurieli 1605 1639 1639aged at least 33/34 Kingdom of Imereti Tamar(d.1639)no children His authority was seriously challenged by the energetic prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, whose increasing influence over the western Georgian polities George tried to restrict without any success. Teimuraz I(თეიმურაზ I)(Under guardianship of Ketevan of Mukhrani(ქეთევან წამებული)(1605 1614)) 1589Son of David I and Ketevan of Mukhrani 1605 1648 1661Gorganaged 71/72 Kingdom of Kakheti Anna Gurielic.1605three childrenKhorashan of Kartli1612two children An admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love stories and transformed the personal experiences of his reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition. From 1614 on, he waged a five decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he lost several members of his family. That's why he was deposed twice by the Persians (1616–25, 1633–34), during which years Kakheti was under Persian governorship. Teimuraz ended up his life as the shah's prisoner at Astarabad at the age of 74. Kakheti briefly annexed to Kartli and then to PersiaLuarsab II the Holy Martyr(ლუარსაბ II)(Under guardianship of Shadiman Baratashvili(შადიმან ბარათაშვილი)(1606 1610)) 1592TbilisiSon of George X and Mariam/Tamar Lipartiani 1606 1615 1 July 1615Shirazaged 22/23 Kingdom of Kartli Makrine Saakadzeno children He is known for his martyr's death at the hands of the Persian shah Abbas I. The Georgian Orthodox Church regards him as saint and marks his memory on the day of his death, July 1. Bagrat VIIBagrat Khan(ლუარსაბ II) 1569Son of David XI and Elene 1615 1619 1619aged 49/50 Kingdom of Kartli Anna of Kakhetitwo children Installed by Abbas I as a puppet king/khan in Kartli on the deposition of his cousin, Luarsab II. He exercised only a limited power confined to Lower Kartli and largely relied on Persian forces. Considered as a renegade, he was disgusted by most of the kingdom's population and, in spite of the Persian presence, he was unable to control even seemingly loyal nobility. Simon IISemayun Khan(სიმონ II)(Under regency of Giorgi Saakadze(გიორგი სააკაძე)(1619 1625)) c.1610Son of Bagrat VII and Anna of Kakheti 1619 1630 1630aged around 19/20 Kingdom of Kartli Jahan Banu Begumone child Largely unpopular with his Christian subjects, Simon's "khanate" never stretched beyond Tbilisi and the Lower Kartli province, where the districts of Somkhiti and Sabaratiano were occupied by Persian forces. Kartli briefly annexed to KakhetiRostomRustam Khan(როსტომი, როსტომ ხანი) 1565Son of David XI and Elena 1633 1658 1658aged 92/93 Kingdom of Kartli Ketevan Abashishvili1635no childrenMariam Dadiani1638no children Took control of Kartli and garrisoned all major fortresses with Persian forces, bringing them under his tight control. His willingness to cooperate with his suzerain won for Kartli a larger degree of autonomy. A period of relative peace and prosperity ensued, with the cities and towns being revived, many deserted areas repopulated and commerce flourished. Although Muslim, Rostom patronised Christian culture, albeit Islam and Persian habits predominating at his court. He ruthlessly crushed an opposition of local nobles. Alexander III(ალექსანდრე III) 1609Son of George III and Tamar 1639 1660 1 March 1660aged 50/51 Kingdom of Imereti Tamar Gurieli1618(annulled 1620)three childrenNestan Darejan of Kakheti1629no childrenMost of his reign was spent in the struggle against the powerful prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, who refused to acknowledge the king of Imereti as his overlord, and aspired to displace him from his throne. Vakhtang V Shah Nawaz Khan(ვახტანგ V) 1618Son of Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani and Anna EristaviAdopted son of Rostom 1658 1675 September 1675aged 56/57 Kingdom of Kartli Rodam Kaplanishvili Orbeliani(annulled 1658)ten childrenMariam Dadiani1658no children Originally great great grandson of Constantine II of Georgia, he came from the Mukhrani line, being adopted by his predecessor Rostom to succeed him. Followed the policy of his predecessor, managing to maintain a peaceful relationship with his Persian suzerains and to revive the economy of Kartli. Made efforts to bring other Georgian polities under his control. Intervened in Imereti's bitter power struggles. Bagrat V(ბაგრატ V) 1620Son of Alexander III and Tamar Gurieli 16601664 16681668 16781679 1681 1681aged 60/61 Kingdom of Imereti Ketevan of Kakheti(annulled 1661)no childrenTatia of Mukhrani(annulled 1663)no childrenTamar of Mukhranifour children With his reign began a period of dynastic troubles in Imereti, marked by extreme instability and feudal anarchy in the kingdom: Some nobles, who already had power, try to ascend as kings. Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili(ვახტანგ ჭუჭუნაშვილი) ? 1660 16611668 1668 Kingdom of Imereti Unmarried Non dynastic. Lover of queen Nestan Darejan of Kakheti, who blinded her stepson Bagrat V in 1660. Archil(არჩილი) 1647Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli and Rodam Kaplanishvili Orbeliani 1661 1663 16 April 1713Moscowaged 65/66 Kingdom of Imereti Unknown(daughter of Prince Nodar Tsitsishvili)no childrenKetevan of Kakheti1668four childrenRestored the independence of Kakheti from Persia. After a series of unsuccessful attempts to establish himself on the throne of Imereti, Archil retired to Russia where he spearheaded the cultural life of a local Georgian community. He was also a lyric poet. 1664 1675 Kingdom of Kakheti 1678 16791690 16911695 16961698 1699 Kingdom of ImeretiDemetrius Gurieli(დემეტრე გურიელი) ?Son of Simon I Gurieli 1663 1664 1668 Kingdom of Imereti Unmarried Non dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1658–1668. In 1664, the Imeretians deposed and blinded him, and restored Bagrat V. George XI Gurgin Khan(გიორგი XI) 1651Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli and Rodam Kaplanishvili Orbeliani 1675 16881703 1709 21 April 1709Kandaharaged 57/58 Kingdom of Kartli Tamar Davitishvili(d.4 December 1683)1676two childrenKhoreshan Mikeladze(d.24 February 1695)1687Kojorione childHe is best known for his struggle against the Safavids which dominated his weakened kingdom and later as a Safavid commander in chief in what is now Afghanistan. Being an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Shia Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Kandahar. Heraclius IEregli KhanNazar Ali Khan(ერეკლე I,ارگلی خان,ნაზარალი ხანი,نظر علی خان‎) 1642Son of Prince David of Kakheti and Elene Diasamidze1675 1676 21 April 1709Isfahanaged 66/67 Kingdom of KakhetiAnna CholokashviliGrandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti. Raised in Russia, where he was known as Nikolai Davidovich. In 1662, he returned to take the vacant throne of Kakheti, but was defeated by prince Archil who had Iranian support. However, he managed to take Kakheti when Archil, conflicted with the Persian Empire, left the kingdom. With the annexation of his kingdom to Persia, and George XI of artli deposed, Heraclius was appointed the new king of Kartli. George XI returned to his throne in 1703 and, despite having also his kingdom restored, Heraclius never returned to it. 1688 1703 Kingdom of Kartli 1703 1709 Kingdom of KakhetiBetween 1676 and 1703, Kakheti was annexed to PersiaGeorge IV Gurieli(გიორგი III გურიელი) ?Son of Kaikhosro I Gurieli and Khvaramze Goshadze 1681 1683 1684 Kingdom of Imereti Tamar Chijavadze1667annulled 1677)five childrenDarejan of Imeretic.1677no childrenTamar of Mukhrani1681no children Non dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1658–1668. Married Darejan, daughter of Bagrat V, and then his mother in law. He was energetically involved in civil wars in western Georgian polities, which he sought to bring under his sway. He was killed in battle while trying to recover the lost throne of Imereti. Alexander IV(ალექსანდრე IV) Before 1681Illegitimate son of Bagrat V 1683 16911691 1695 1695aged at least 13/14 Kingdom of Imereti Tamar Abashidze1691four children George XI of Kartli and the Imeretian nobles secured the Ottoman recognition for Alexander, who was enthroned in Imereti after deposing the Gurieli prince in 1683. Alexander transferred his loyalty to the Safavid shah Suleiman I of Persia in 1689, but was expelled by the Turks into Kartli in August 1690. In 1691, through the mediation of Erekle I of Kartli and the Persian government, Alexander was restored in Imereti after a year of anarchy and misrule. George V Gochia(გიორგი V გოჩია) ?A relative of the Bagrationi dynasty 1696 1698 1695aged at least 13/14 Kingdom of Imereti Tamar Abashidze1696no children Put on the throne by Giorgi Malakia Abashidze, George ruled virtually, under his powerful benefactor. Simon(სიმონი) ?Illegitimate son of Alexander IV 1699 1701 1701 Kingdom of Imereti Anika Abashidze1699no children Brought up in the court of Erekle I of Kartli. Expelled by Giorgi Malakia Abashidze and his daughter Tamar (widow of Alexander IV). Mamia Gurieli the Greatმამია III გურიელი დიდი) ?Son of George IV and Tamar Chijavadze 1701 17021711 17121713 1714 5 January 1714 Kingdom of Imereti Elena Abashidze1698(annulled 1711)seven childrenTamar of Racha(d.1716)no children Non dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1689–1714. Involved in civil wars plaguing in Imereti, he became the kingdom's ruler three times. After his first reign as king for a year, he abdicated, being unable to tolerate the influence of his father in law Giorgi Malakia Abashidze. Subsequent periods of his royal career was the result of a feud with George VII of Imereti. Mamia died while still sitting on the throne of Imereti, which then reverted to his rival. George VI Malakia Abashidze(გიორგი მალაქია აბაშიძე) ?Son of Paata Abashidze 1702 1707 15 October 1722Tbilisi Kingdom of Imereti Unknownseven children After controlling many kings behind the curtain, Giorgi Malakia made his way to the throne, but ended up deposed by a revolt of the nobles. George VII(გიორგი VII) 1670Illegitimate son of Alexander IV 1707 17111712 17131713 17161719 17201707 1711 22 February 1720Kutaisiaged 49/50 Kingdom of Imereti Rodam of Kartli1703(annulled 1712)five childrenTamar Abashidzec.1712(annulled 1713)no childrenTamar of Rachac.1713no children Tamar Gurieli(d.1742)1716three children With the approval of the Ottoman government, a rightful king of Imereti by the loyal party of nobles in 1702, though it was not until 1707 that he was able to wrest the crown from the usurper Giorgi Malakia Abashidze (George VI). Entered in a feud with Mamia Gurieli for the throne. Kaikhosro(ქაიხოსრო) 1 January 1674TbilisiSon of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli 1709 1711 27 September 1711Kandaharaged 37 Kingdom of Kartli Ketevan(d. Moscow, 3 May 1730)four childrenPaternal grandson of Vakhtang V. He reigned in absentia since he served during the whole of this period as a Persian commander in chief in what is now Afghanistan. David IIImām Qulī Khān(დავით II,امام قلی خان,იმამყული ხანი‎) 1678IsfahanSon of Heraclius I and Anna Cholokashvili1709 17222 November 1722Magharoaged 44/45 Kingdom of KakhetiUnknown(daughter of the shamkhal of Tarki)no childrenYatri Jahan Begumthree childrenAlthough a Muslim and a loyal vassal of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, he failed to ensure his kingdom's security and most of his reign was marked by Lekianoba incessant inroads by the Dagestani mountainous clansmen. Interregnum: 1711 1714(Under regency of Prince Vakhtang)JesseAli Quli KhanMustafa Pasha(იესე) 1680TbilisiSon of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli 1714 17161724 1727 1727Tbilisiaged 57/58 Kingdom of Kartli Mariam Qaplanishvili Orbeliani1712Elene Begum of Kakheti1715eleven childrenPaternal grandson of Vakhtang V. He proved to be incompetent and addicted to alcohol. Unable to maintain order in his possessions, he was replaced, in June 1716, with a brother, Vakhtang, who had finally agreed to renounce Christianity. After Ottoman invasion in Georgia that led to Vakhtang's escape, Jesse could return to the throne. After his death, the kingdom was abolished and united with Kakheti. Vakhtang VI the ScholarḤosaynqolī Khan(ვახტანგ VI,حسین‌قلی خان) 15 September 1674TbilisiSon of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli 1716 1724 26 March 1737Astrakhanaged 61 Kingdom of Kartli Rusudan of Circassia1696five childrenOne of the most important and extraordinary statesman of early 18th century Georgia, he is known as a notable legislator, scholar, critic, translator and poet. His reign was eventually terminated by the Ottoman invasion following the disintegration of Safavid Persia, which forced Vakhtang into exile in the Russian Empire. In 1727, the kingdom of Kartli was annexed to the Ottoman Empire, then to Persia (1735), and finally merged in Kakheti in 1744George VIII Gurieli(გიორგი IV გურიელი) ?Son of Mamia and Khvaramze Goshadze 1720 1726 Kingdom of Imereti Elena Mariam Abashidze(annulled 1717)two childrenKhvaramze Dadianino children Non dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1714–1726. Seized the crown of Imereti, but was forced to abandon the enterprise later that year. Returning to Guria, his rule was challenged by a faction of local nobility, which included his mother Elene and brother Kaikhosro III Gurieli. Alexander V(ალექსანდრე V) 1703KutaisiSon of George VII and Rodam of Kartli 1720 17411741 17461746 1749 March 1752Kutaisiaged 49/50 Kingdom of Imereti Mariam Dadiani(d.1731)1721three childrenTamar Abashidze(d.1772)1732five children Brought up at the court of Vakhtang VI of Kartli and enjoyed his support in the power struggle in Imereti. After visiting Istanbul, in August 1719 he returned with a detachment of Turkish auxiliaries, deposed George VIII Gurieli in June 1720, and was crowned king of Imereti. Constantine IIMahmād Qulī Khān(კონსტანტინე IIმაჰმად ყული ხანი) ?IsfahanIllegitimate son of Heraclius I1722 173228 December 1732Telavi Kingdom of KakhetiPerejan Begumone childHe frequently feuded with his western neighbor and kinsman, Vakhtang VI of Kartli, who was declared by the Persian government deposed in 1723. Teimuraz II(თეიმურაზ II) 7 November 1700TbilisiSon of Constantine II and Perejan Begum1732 17448 January 1762Saint Petersburgaged 61 Kingdom of KakhetiTamar Eristavi(annulled 1711)no childrenTamar II2 February 1712four childrenAna Khanum Baratashvili19 August 1746two children In 1735, fomented unrest against the Persian rule, but was captured in 1736. Part of Georgian nobles staged a powerful rebellion against the Persian regime, and the shah releases Teimuraz to suppress the opposition. In 1744, Teimuraz was confirmed by the shah as king of Kartli, and his son Erekle was given a Kakhetian crown, laying the ground for the eventual reunification of the Georgian kingdoms. They were recognised as Christian kings for the first time since 1632, and crowned as so. With their power growing increasingly stronger, Teimuraz and Erekle soon repudiated their allegiance to the Persian suzerain. 1744 1762(with Tamar II until 1746) Kingdom of KartliThe process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810. George IX(გიორგი IX) 1718KutaisiSon of George VII and Tamar Gurieli 1741 1778Kutaisiaged 59/60 Kingdom of Imereti Mzekhatun Lipartianifive children After his brother Alexander V was ousted in the Ottoman sponsored coup of 1741, he was enthroned in Imereti, but was deposed in the same year. Tamar II(თამარი II) 1696Daughter of Vakhtang VI and Rusudan of Circassia 1744 1746(with Teimuraz II) 12 April 1746Kutaisiaged 59/60 Kingdom of Kartli Teimuraz II2 February 1712four children From 1744 until her death in 1746, Tamar was a co regnant with her husband in Kartli, while their son, Heraclius, began his lengthy reign in Kakheti. Heraclius II(ერეკლე II) 7 November 1720TelaviSon of Teimuraz II and Tamar of Kartli1744 17621762 179811 January 1798Telaviaged 77 Kingdom of KakhetiKingdom of Kakheti and KartliKetevan Pkheidze1740two childrenAnna Abashidze1745three childrenDarejan Dadiani1750twenty three childrenMerged definitely Kartli with Kakheti after his father's death. His reign is regarded as the swan song of the Georgian monarchy. Aided by his personal abilities and the unrest in the Persian Empire, Heraclius established himself as a de facto autonomous ruler, unified eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries, and attempted to modernize the government, economics, and military. Overwhelmed by the internal and external menaces to Georgia's precarious independence, he placed his kingdom under the formal Russian protection in 1783, but the move didn't prevent the invasion of Georgia from being devastated by the Persian invasion in 1795. Mamuka(მამუკა) c.1710KutaisiSon of George VII and Tamar Gurieli 1746 1749 1769Kutaisiaged 58/59 Kingdom of Imereti Darejan Dadiani1732two children Installed as rival king to his brother Alexander, with the support of Otia Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, Zurab Abashidze and Grigol, Duke of Racha. Solomon I the Great(სოლომონ I დიდი) 1735KutaisiSon of Alexander V and Tamar Abashidze 1752 17661768 1784 23 April 1784Kutaisiaged 48/49 Kingdom of Imereti Tinatin Shervashidzeone childMariam Dadiani(d.1778)three childrenGulkan Tsulukidze(1730–1800)no children Installed as rival king to his brother Alexander, with the support of Otia Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, Zurab Abashidze and Grigol, Duke of Racha. Teimuraz(თეიმურაზი) ?KutaisiSon of Mamuka and Darejan Dadiani 1766 1768 1772Kutaisi Kingdom of Imereti Unknown(daughter of Rostom, Duke of Racha)no childrenRuled under the Turkish protection, but Solomon regained the throne with Russian support in 1768. David II(დავით II) 1756KutaisiSon of George VII and Tamar Gurieli 1784 17891790 1791 11 January 1795Akhaltsikheaged 38/39 Kingdom of Imereti Ana Orbelianic.1780four children After the death of his cousin, King Solomon I, he became a regent but prevented the rival princes David (the future king Solomon II) and George from being crowned. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. Solomon II(სოლომონ II) 1772KutaisiSon of Prince Archil and Princess Elene of Georgia 1789 17901791 1810 7 February 1815Trabzonaged 42/43 Kingdom of Imereti Anna Orbeliani1787no childrenMariam Dadiani1791no children Grandson of Alexander V. Initially prevented of the succession by his regent, he managed to overthrow him twice. Ruled under threat of Russian annexation, made even more present after the Kakheti Kartli conquest in 1800. The menace became an official act with his deposition by the Imperial Russian government in 1810. George XII(გიორგი XII) 10 November 1746TelaviSon of Heraclius II and Anna Abashidze1798 180028 December 1800Tbilisiaged 54Kingdom of Kakheti and KartliKetevan Andronikashvili1766twelve childrenMariam Tsitsishvili13 July 1783eleven childrenHis brief reign in the closing years of the 18th century was marked by significant political instability, which implied the near certainty of a civil strife and a Persian invasion. Weakened by poor health and overwhelmed by problems in his realm, George renewed a request of protection from Tsar Paul I of Russia. After his death, Imperial Russia took advantage of the moment and moved to annex the Georgian kingdoms, while sending the remnants of the Georgian royal family into forced exile in Russia. Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the dynasty have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches were united in marriage.