Құранның «Алақ» сүресі: Мұхаммед пайғамбарға бірінші уахид келген шақ.

96th chapter of the Qur'an

Al ʻAlaq ( العلق, al ʻalaq, also known as "The Clinging Thing" or "The Embryo"), is the 96th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an. It is composed of 19 āyāt or verses. It is sometimes also known as Sūrat Iqrā (سورة إقرا, "Read"). Chapter 96 of the Qur'an is traditionally believed to have been Muhammad's first revelation. It is said that while Muhammad was on retreat in the Cave of Hira, at Jabal al Nour near Mecca, the angel Gabriel appeared before him and commanded him to "Read!". He responded, "But I cannot read!". Then the angel Gabriel embraced him tightly and revealed to him the first lines, "Read: In the name of your Lord Who created, (1) Created man from a clot. (2) Read: And your Lord is the Most Generous, (3) Who taught by the pen, (4) Taught man that which he knew not." (Bukhari 4953). It is traditionally understood the first five ayat or verses (1–5) of Surah Alaq were revealed; however, this is not the first fully complete Surah to be revealed and was actually revealed in 3 parts.

1 5 Angel Gabriel commanding towards Muhammad to recite the first verses of the Qur'an. 6 14 Rebuke of Abu Jahl for hindering the Muslim cause. 15 ۩ 19 Abu Jahl threatened with the torments of Hell as punishment.

The first five verses of this sura are believed by some commentators to be the first verses of the Quran claimed to be related by Muhammad. He received them while on a retreat in a mountain cave at Hira, just outside the city of Mecca, in 610 CE. A few commentators disagree with this account, claiming that the first revelation was the beginning of surat al Muddaththir or surat al Fatiha, but theirs is a minority position. Moreover, the term إِنْسَان‎ insān, which is translated "man, human", appears 65 times in the Qur'an, meaning "humanity".

The remainder of the surah, claimed to have been revealed later, questions the morality and beliefs of mankind, who "thinks himself self sufficient", unaware that all things will return to their Lord. Once man becomes self satisfied, he has the tendency to transgress. These ayahs were revealed shortly after Muhammed started to pray publicly, as many people questioned his actions. The text continues, addressing the impiety of "the man who forbids Our servant to pray". These later lines are thought to date from the time when Muhammad began to pray the salat in the Kaaba. Abu Jahl attempted to interrupt the prayer by trampling on Muhammad's neck while he was prostrated. "Does he not realize that God sees all?" The Qur'an commands Muhammad (and by inference all believers) to continue the prayer regardless, as those who persecute the faithful are unaware that God sees what they do. After the first 8 ayahs were revealed, Muhammed left the cave at Hira, and then surahs Ad Duha, Nashra, and the second part of this surah were revealed after 6 months. More specifically, ayahs 9–14 were revealed when Muhammed first began praying publicly near the Kaaba because the Meccans didn't comprehend what he was doing. These were directed towards people who tried to stop others from making devotions toward Allah. Once Abu Jahl (member of the Quraish) saw Muhammed praying publicly, he thought that Muhammed had adopted a new religion and tried to drive him away from the Kaaba. He gathered a crowd and asked: "Is Muhammed setting his face on the ground in front of you (praying)?" When they replied in affirmative he said: "by the gods Al Lat and Al Uzza, if I ever catch him in that act of worship (salah), I will set my foot on his neck and rub his face in the dust." Abu Jahl wanted to follow through on his threat, but when he saw Muhammed he stepped forward, motioned to put his foot on his neck, but then became frightened and left. When asked about it later, he said that he had seen a vision of a ditch right in front of Muhammed, filled with fire and a ghoul with fiery wings. After Muhammed heard about the remark, he said: "if he would have come near me, the angels would have struck him down and torn him into pieces." Ayahs 15–19 say that when Abu Jahl saw Muhammed pray again near the Kaaba, and said "Didn’t I tell you not to do this!" Muhammad scolded him and said that he had the right to pray here, because he was a born citizen of Mecca. Abu Jahl said "you dare to scold me! By God, with one call I can fill this valley with supporters!" This passage was revealed: "If (Abu Jahl) would have called upon his men, the angel of punishment would have seized him." The translated words 'bow down' in verse 19 comes from the word 'Sujud' which refers to the position in Muslim prayer where the head, hands, knees, and toes are on the ground.

The linguistic definition of ʻalaq علق (singular ʻalaqah علقة) is "leech", "medicinal leech", "coagulated blood", "blood clot", or "the early stage of the embryo". ʻAlaq is also a derivative of ʻalaqa which means "attached and hanging to something." Professor Abdul Haleem mentions that "ʻalaq" can also mean anything that clings: a clot of blood, a leech, even a lump of mud. All these meanings involve the basic idea of clinging or sticking." The term ʻalaqah is the second stage of human prenatal development (sura Al Mu’minoon 23:12–14) which "descriptively encompasses the primary external and internal features" of the early embryo. The term ʻalaqah also occurs in several languages related to Arabic. In Hebrew there is עֲלוּקָה alûqāh (or alukah), the generic name for any blood sucking worm or leech, and in Aramaic and Syriac there are words with apparently similar meanings.

This sura has two parts: the first consists of vv. 1–5, and the second of vv. 6–19. The majority of Islamic scholars agreed that the first part forms the first revelation to be sent down to Muhammad in 610. In this regard, the Hadith from Aisha, which Ibn Hanbal, Bukhari, Muslim and other traditionists have related with several chains of authorities, is one of the most authentic Hadith on the subject. In it Aisha narrates the full story of the beginning of revelation as she herself heard it from Muhammad. Besides, Ibn Abbas, Abu Musa al Ashari and a group of the Companions also are reported to have stated that these were the very first verses of the Quran to be revealed to Muhammad. The second part was revealed later, when Muhammad began to perform the prescribed prayer in the precincts of the Kaaba, and Abu Jahl tried to prevent him from this with threats.