Британдық G класты эсминец «Графтон» тарихы

British G class destroyer

HMS Grafton (H89) was a G class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the mid 1930s. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 the ship spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the non intervention measures agreed by Britain and France. After the beginning of World War II she was transferred from the Mediterranean Fleet to Great Britain for escort and contraband inspection duties. Grafton was refitting when the Norwegian Campaign began in April 1940, but the ship escorted convoys to Norway once her refit was completed. She evacuated British troops from the Dunkirk bridgehead in May, but was sunk by a German submarine after she stopped to rescue survivors from another British destroyer.

Grafton displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of 323 feet (98 m), a beam of 33 feet (10 m) and a draught of 12 feet (4 m). She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3 drum boilers. Grafton carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at The ship's complement was 137 officers and ratings in peacetime, but in increased to 146 in wartime. The ship mounted four 45 calibre 4.7 inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts. For anti aircraft defence Grafton had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) Vickers Mark III machine gun. She was fitted with two above water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for torpedoes.

Grafton was laid down by John I. Thornycroft & Company, at Woolston, Hampshire on 30 August 1934, launched on 18 September 1935 and completed on 20 March 1936. Excluding government furnished equipment like the armament, the ship cost £248,485. Aside from a brief period when she was assigned to the 20th Destroyer Flotilla after her commissioning, Grafton spent the prewar period assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla with the Mediterranean Fleet. Between 10 August and 9 September 1936, together with , she escorted the yacht Nahlin as King Edward VIII cruised the eastern Mediterranean. Afterwards Grafton patrolled Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War enforcing the policies of the Non Intervention Committee. The ship was refitting in Malta when World War II began in September 1939. where she escorted convoys to Norway until 11 May.

During the Siege of Calais, Grafton escorted the light cruisers and as they provided naval gunfire support for the 30th Motor Brigade on 26 May. The following day she evacuated over 1,600 troops from the beaches of La Panne and Bray, northeast of Dunkirk. On the morning of 29 May, she stopped to rescue survivors from the destroyer , which had been torpedoed and sunk earlier that morning by the German E boat S 30. While rescuing survivors from Wakeful off Nieuwpoort, Belgium, Grafton was struck in the stern by a torpedo from the German submarine German submarine U 62. This seriously damaged the ship, and also triggered a secondary explosion which damaged the bridge, killing the captain and another officer. Thirteen ratings and the canteen manager were also killed. The ship's back was broken, but she remained afloat long enough for all survivors to be rescued by the destroyer and the transport Malines. Ivanhoe sank Grafton with naval gunfire, as she was too badly damaged to be towed to safety.