Британдық оператор Гилберт Тейлор өмірі мен шығармашылығы

British cinematographer

Gilbert Taylor, B. S. C. (12 April 1914 – 23 August 2013) was a British cinematographer, best known for his work on films such as Dr. Strangelove, A Hard Day's Night (both 1964), Repulsion (1965), The Omen (1976), and Star Wars (1977). In the course of his career, he collaborated with directors like Roman Polanski, Stanley Kubrick, Alfred Hitchcock, and Mike Hodges. He was nominated for two BAFTA Awards, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the British Society of Cinematographers.

The son of a Hertfordshire builder, Taylor grew up in Bushey Heath. A paternal uncle was a newsreel cameraman and contact with him from the age of ten gave Taylor early experience of working with cameras and developing film stock. As a teenager, he studied architecture before deciding to pursue a career in film. While his father disapproved of the film industry, populated he thought by "harridans, whores and gypsies", it was his mother who consented to their son's altered career plans. A neighbour offered Taylor, aged 15, a job as a camera assistant to William Shenton, a cinematographer working for Gainsborough Studios at their Islington base. In 1929, Taylor worked on the studio's final two silent films. He then worked at Elstree for British International Pictures, where he was clapper loader on the Alfred Hitchcock film Number Seventeen (1932). Despite his junior status, formally a second camera assistant, Taylor was entrusted with some of the special effects work, including the use of mattes, to disguise the roofs of poorly maintained buildings. Taylor recalled: "This was requested by Winston Churchill, and my material was delivered to 10 Downing Street for him to view. He was keen for the public to see what our lads were doing. I did 10 of those operations, including raids on Cologne and Dresden".

After demobilisation, he worked for Two Cities Films. In Fame Is the Spur (1947), he worked on a dream sequence using deep focus. The Boulting brothers were the co producers of the film and they placed Taylor under contract. For the Boultings, Taylor, now promoted to full cinematographer, or director of photography, shot The Guinea Pig (US, The Outsider, 1948), Seven Days to Noon (1950) and High Treason (1951). From this point, Taylor began to use bounced and reflected light gaining a more naturalistic look, whereas the use of direct light was still the common practice by his contemporaries. He commented later: "Strangelove was at the time a unique experience because the lighting was to be incorporated in the sets, with little or no other light used". Concerning the war room set designed by Ken Adam: "Lighting that set was sheer magic, and I don’t quite know how I got away with it all". He continued: "Much of it was the same formula based on the overheads as fill and blasting in the key on faces from the side". Although Kubrick and Taylor had a rapport, he found the director to be autocratic. An easier project to work on was the Richard Lester film with The Beatles which was heavily improvised. With Lester, Chris Pizzello wrote in 2003, Taylor "adopted a roving, multiple camera technique (aided by new, versatile 10:1 zoom lenses) so that the Beatles could move about freely and not worry about technicalities like hitting marks. This fast, fresh brand of filmmaking was a perfect fit for the film’s tiny budget, tight schedule and simple black and white aesthetic". Taylor and five other operators on the film used hand held Arriflex cameras. "The key is not to hold the camera completely still", he once commented "but to let it 'breathe' with you, to move with it". According to Polanski in his 1984 autobiography, Repulsions executive producer Michael Klinger "protested that Gil Taylor was one of the most expensive cameramen in the business, but I held out for Taylor and I got him".

Hitchcock requested Taylor work on his penultimate film Frenzy (1972). Despite a claim in Bergan's obituary of the cinematographer that Hitchcock was unaware the two men had worked together forty years earlier, according to Taylor they had stayed in touch. Differences of opinion between the director and cinematographer led to 20th Century Fox, for whom Taylor had shot The Omen, intervening to retain him on the picture. Taylor was a founder member of the British Society of Cinematographers, receiving their lifetime achievement award in 2001.

Year Title Director Notes 1948 The Guinea Pig Roy Boulting 1950 Seven Days to Noon John BoultingRoy Boulting 1951 High Treason Roy Boulting 1952 The Yellow Balloon J. Lee Thompson 1953 Single Handed Roy Boulting 1954 Front Page Story Gordon Parry The Weak and the Wicked J. Lee Thompson Seagulls Over Sorrento John BoultingRoy Boulting Trouble in the Glen Herbert Wilcox Uncredited 1955 As Long as They're Happy J. Lee Thompson Josephine and Men Roy Boulting 1956 Yield to the Night J. Lee Thompson It's Great to Be Young Cyril Frankel The Silken Affair Roy Kellino My Wife's Family Gilbert Gunn1957 The Good Companions J. Lee Thompson Woman in a Dressing Gown No Time for Tears Cyril Frankel1958 Ice Cold in Alex J. Lee Thompson She Didn't Say No! Cyril Frankel Alive and Kicking1959 No Trees in the Street J. Lee Thompson Operation Bullshine Gilbert Gunn Tommy the Toreador John Paddy Carstairs1960 Bottoms Up Mario Zampi Sands of the Desert John Paddy Carstairs1961 The Full Treatment Val Guest The Rebel Robert Day Petticoat Pirates David MacDonald1962 It's Trad, Dad! Richard Lester A Prize of Arms Cliff Owen With Gerald Gibbs 1963 The Punch and Judy Man Jeremy Summers 1964 Dr. Strangelove Stanley Kubrick Hide and Seek Cy Endfield A Hard Day's Night Richard Lester1965 Ferry Cross the Mersey Jeremy Summers Repulsion Roman Polanski Nominated BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography The Bedford Incident James B. Harris 1966 Cul de sac Roman Polanski Nominated BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography 1967 Theatre of Death Samuel Gallu The Man Outside 1968 Work Is a Four Letter Word Peter Hall Before Winter Comes J. Lee Thompson 1969 A Nice Girl Like Me Desmond Davis With Manny Wynn 1970 A Day at the Beach Simon Hesera Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx Waris Hussein 1971 Macbeth Roman Polanski 1972 Frenzy Alfred Hitchcock 1974 Soft Beds, Hard Battles Roy Boulting1976 The Omen Richard Donner 1977 Star Wars George Lucas1979 Escape to Athena George P. Cosmatos Meetings with Remarkable Men Peter Brook Dracula John Badham 1980 Flash Gordon Mike Hodges 1981 Green Ice Ernest Day Venom Piers Haggard 1983 Losin' It Curtis Hanson 1984 Lassiter Roger Young Voyage of the Rock Aliens James Fargo 1987 The Bedroom Window Curtis Hanson 1994 Don't Get Me Started Arthur Ellis