Фельдфебель: Әскери шеннің тарихы мен ерекшеліктері

Non commissioned officer rank

Feldwebel (Fw or F, ) is a non commissioned officer (NCO) rank in several countries. The rank originated in Germany, and is also used in Switzerland, Finland, Sweden, and Estonia. The rank has also been used in Russia, Austria Hungary, occupied Serbia and Bulgaria. Feldwebel is a contraction of feld meaning 'field' and weibel, an archaic word meaning 'usher'. Weibel comes from the Old High German weibôn, meaning to go back and forth (as in 'wobble'). There are variations on Feldwebel, such as Oberstabsfeldwebel ('Superior Staff Field Usher'), which is the highest non commissioned rank in the German army and air force.

The rank is used in several countries: fältväbel, фельдфебель, фелдфебел, and
In Swiss German the spelling Feldweibel is used.

In the Bulgarian army, фелдфебел (pronounced feldfebel) existed from the late 19th century to the late 1940s, when the German type military organization was phased out in favor of a new doctrine, identical to the Soviet one.

Feldwebel gained its widest usage under the German military beginning from the early 19th century. The highest ranking non commissioned officer until 1918, the Feldwebel acted as Company Sergeant Major. By contrast with some other countries, the position and duty of Regimental Sergeant Major never existed in Germany. From 1877 veteran NCOs could be promoted to the rank of Feldwebel Leutnant. This Army Reserve officer ranked with the Commissioned Officers, but was always inferior to the lowest Leutnant. From 1887 the Offizierstellvertreter (Deputy Officer) ranked as a kind of Warrant Officer (more NCO than officer) between Feldwebel and the commissioned officers. There were three further NCO ranks: Vizefeldwebel (Vice Feldwebel, senior NCO), Sergeant (junior NCO) and Unteroffizier (Lance Sergeant or Corporal, junior NCO). The Gefreiter was not an NCO as he had no powers of authority, and was a higher grade of private soldier.

Feldweibel is the lowest rank of higher non commissioned officers in the Swiss Army. Until the Reform XXI agenda, there were two branches of Feldweibels: technical and company level. The Feldweibel oversees unit level military service and operations. In 2004, the rank of Hauptfeldweibel was introduced. Since then, only technical specialists have remained in the rank of Feldweibel.