Toyota Kijang: Пикап, универсал және жеңіл коммерциялық көліктер моделі

Pickup truck / station wagon model from Toyota

The Toyota Kijang is a series of pickup trucks, station wagons and light commercial vehicles produced and marketed mainly in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, India and South Africa by Toyota between 1976 and 2007 under various other names. The vehicle first entered production in the Philippines as the Toyota Tamaraw in December 1976. It was then introduced in Indonesia in June 1977 as the Kijang, after its unnamed prototype model was showcased in Jakarta in mid 1975. The first two generations were produced from factory as pickup trucks, conversions to other body styles were conducted by local third party companies. Availability of the model was expanded to more markets since the third generation model, such as Africa and Taiwan. The Kijang was relatively affordable in the markets where it was sold when compared to the four wheel drive vehicles (it is predominantly rear wheel drive) and had high seating capacity, high ground clearance and rugged suspension, popular features in an area with generally poor road conditions and large extended families. It was also designed with ease of manufacture in mind; in 1986, the assembly of the Kijang only cost 42 percent of the cost of assembling the smaller EE80 Corolla. It was manufactured as a CKD (complete knock down) unit in almost every country it was sold in and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it was sold. The name Kijang means muntjac or deer in Indonesian. Due to the varying names used in different countries, the vehicle is internally known as the 'TUV', short for 'Toyota Utility Vehicle'. Fourth generation models in the Philippines were sold under the Toyota Revo nameplate. The Kijang was also sold in other countries, and is known as the Toyota Qualis in India and Nepal (third generation), Toyota Zace in Vietnam and Taiwan (third and fourth generation), Toyota Unser in Malaysia (fourth generation) and Toyota Stallion in Africa for the basic models (third and fourth generation), with higher specifications labelled Toyota Venture (third generation) and Toyota Condor in South Africa (fourth generation). TOC

The Kijang prototype was first displayed at the 1975 Jakarta Fair and then entered production in 1977. Its development was led by Osamu Ohta with Ohyama as the chief engineer in 1972. The first generation Kijang is a compact, light pickup truck powered by a carburetted 1.2 litre 3K four cylinder OHV petrol engine matched to a 4 speed manual transmission. A pickup variant with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus (van/wagon version) was built by local companies. The Kijang first entered the Indonesian market on 9 June 1977, although it had been on sale in the Philippines since 2 December 1976. It has a boxy design with externally hinged half doors and plastic/canvas windows. Designated KF10, it shared the 3K engine with the 1972 Corolla, coupled to a 4 speed manual transmission. It was colloquially nicknamed 'Kijang Buaya' (meaning "Crocodile Kijang") as the engine bonnet resembled a crocodile's mouth once opened. The KF10 Kijang sold 26,806 units in its 4 years of production when it would be replaced by the second generation model.

In the Philippines, the Kijang was sold as the Tamaraw (named for one of the country's national animals, the Tamaraw), produced in the 1970s up to early 1980s. Introduced in December 1976, it started as a small 3/4 ton high side pick up (HSPU) with a 1.2 litre 3K engine producing , and was produced by the now defunct Delta Motors, which assembled Toyota vehicles in the Philippines. It was considered as a "BUV", or "Basic Utility Vehicle".

In the Philippines, versions of the Kijang were sold as the Tamaraw FX when it was introduced in 1991 as a high side pickup and in 1993 as a wagon. The Tamaraw FX was available either with a 1.5 5K petrol engine, a 1.8 litre 7K petrol engine or a 2.0 litre 2C diesel engine, all coupled with a 5 speed manual transmission. Power was and Deluxe and GL trim levels. The GL trim included power steering, cloth interior, cloth seats, a digital clock, door pocket, a 4 speaker cassette radio, body cladding and 14 inch alloy wheels. Deluxe and standard models had steel wheels, 2 speaker cassette decks, and vinyl interiors, however deluxe models received full width side steps and bucket front seats. Dual AC was standard on all wagon models. The pickup variant was available in 11 seater high side pickup form and later in chassis cab configuration. In 2000, Deluxe, GL, and diesel wagon variants were discontinued leaving only the 1.8 standard wagon and pickup variants to be sold alongside the Revo until 2002 when the Tamaraw was finally discontinued. The Tamaraw FX was meant for use as a passenger wagon. It still retained the ruggedness of the old Tamaraw and is ideal for rough roads and carrying heavy loads. It was assembled by Toyota Motor Philippines in its Parañaque plant that was formerly operated by Delta Motors with the pickup version rolled out off the assembly line in October 1991 and the wagon version in December 1993. Also around that time, after Ford left the Philippines in 1984, Pilipinas Nissan bought the rights to produce the Fiera IV under the name Nissan Bida; the station wagon model was offered in either low roof long wheelbase wagon with regular side opening rear door and a high roof version lift gate variant while a pickup variant was also offered with a choice of either a 1.5L (5K) or 1.8 (7K)engine. The Taiwanese market Zace wagons was offered in either 5/8 seater configurations. The Stallion was available in either Panel van or as a Single Cab Truck with a 1.8(2Y) petrol engine mated to a 4 Speed Manual while the 2.4(2L) diesel was available for the pickup body style with a 5 speed Manual Transmission as an option. An immobiliser alarm was offered as an option as well as a bush bar, tow bar, and extra driving lights. The Pickup Variants van also be optioned to be delivered as a chassis cab while the 1.8 pickup is also offered with optional 14" alloy wheels.

The third generation Kijang was launched in India in January 2000 as Toyota's first entry into India's automobile market following a joint venture with the Kirloskar Group in 1997. The Kijang was sold in India under the Qualis name. The Qualis was based on the third generation global model, but updated with front and rear styling, an updated interior making use of the switch gear, instrument cluster and rear air conditioning blower unit from the fourth generation Kijang. Critics said the vehicle was outdated that came with an outdated design and did not expect it to sell well. However, Qualis was a hit as the vehicle was welcomed by taxi companies, fleet operators and large Indian families over others like Tata's Sumo and Mahindra's Bolero. The Qualis was initially sold only with a 2.4 litre 2L II SOHC diesel upon its introduction in 2000 in FS/GS/GST trims while the fuel injected 2.0 litre 1RZ E SOHC petrol engine was later made available in the range topping GST Super. The FS model (10 seater) is the base trim with a vinyl interior, power steering and front air conditioning (later included in refreshed models as standard) as options. The middle grade GS trim (10 seater/8 seater) gets better cloth interior with better sound deadening, power steering, front air conditioning (rear AC available as an option), and body cladding as standard with power windows and central locking offered as options. The top end 8 seater GST and the petrol GST Super included front fog lamps, rear wiper and washer, wood trim, rear spoiler, alloy wheels, and all GS options as standard. The model range would get revamped in 2002 that brought roll down windows to the second row doors with power windows for all four doors and central locking being standard to the now 8 seater only GS variant with rear AC and rear wiper and washer offered as options while the range topping GST/GST Super was replaced by a new 7 seater RS variant with captain seats.

The fourth generation Kijang was sold in Malaysia as the Unser between mid 1998 to May 2005. The Unser name was derived from the German word unser. It is only offered in an 8 seater configuration with seatbelts for all three rows available as standard. Initially offered with either a 2.4 2L diesel engine or a 1.8 7K E petrol engine and a 5 speed manual transmission, beginning in July 2000, an automatic variant was available with the 1.8 7K E engine. In April 2001, a facelift was introduced. Changes included new multi reflector headlamps, integrated spotlights into the front bumper, clear lenses with coloured bulbs for the tail lights and a new steering wheel design available in either petrol (GLi) or diesel trims (GLD). For 2003, the Unser was updated again and now only available with the 1.8 7K E engine in two trim levels: GLi and LGX incorporating new exterior design, suede interior trim, 50/50 front facing third row seats (instead of a removable bench in previous models) with the new LGX trim adding power mirrors, chrome trim and body cladding.

The Zace Surf, Condor and Stallion are high roof station wagon based on the long wheelbase Kijang wagon. For the right hand drive South African market Condor and was initially offered with a choice of the 1.8 litre 2Y engine in the base Estate and Estate TE (later replaced by the 2.0 litre 1RZ E in the second refresh), 2.4 litre 2RZ E petrol engine and a 3.0 litre 5L diesel engine in either Estate TE and 4x4 RV trims. Unique to the Condor is the 7 seat configuration with second row individual seating, locks integrated to the inner door handles, Corolla style outer door handles, and a lack of a rear cooler option. Available options are air conditioning for the base estate, leather seats for the RV (and later TX) or PVC seats (all trims). An 8 seat configuration later replaced the 7 seater with the second row seats being exchanged for a split 60/40 unit in the first refresh with the 4x4 RV trim being replaced by the new TX and TX 4x4 trims. The third row bench would get replaced by a 50/50 side folding unit in the second and final refresh model which also included the front end design as well as the rear taillights from the second facelift Kijang while still retaining cloth interior from the first Kijang facelift and the use of rubber seals in the rear window. The 2.4 litre petrol engine was also now made available to the base Estate trim alongside the new 2.0 litre engine while a driver airbag was added to the TX trim. The Condor was sold as well in Left hand drive Ghana and Nigerian markets with 1.8 litre 2Y and 3.0 litre 5L engines with a 10 seat configuration with a 4x4 option being available to the diesel models. The Stallion Panel Van was introduced initially with a 1.8 litre 2Y engine sharing the F60 designation with the Kijang/Zace pickup (later replaced by a 2.0 litre 1RZ E unit as a base engine in 2003 for both the South African market Condor and Stallion models) in a 3 seat configuration with no second row seats. Immobilisers were standard equipment throughout the entire South African Condor/Stallion (non 2Y SA models use a transponder key immobiliser) range while included as part of the 4x4 model in Ghana markets.

The Team Castrol Toyota Condor 2.4 RV 4x4 was prepared by Toyota South Africa's Research and Development Team in Prospecton, Durban for the South Africa National Off Road Championship. Introduced in the 2001 season it was driven by Kassie Coetzee and co driver Ockie Fourie until the 2003 season where it was replaced by a Hilux 3.0TD 4x4.

Due to its diversified roles in its respective markets, the Kijang was succeeded by the Avanza and IMV platform vehicles. Toyota replaced the Kijang station wagon across Southeast Asia with the smaller Avanza in 2003, and the larger Innova in 2004. The latter has been retailed by Toyota Astra Motor in Indonesia as the "Kijang Innova" to retain its linkage with the original model. Therefore, Toyota categorise the three generations of the Innova as the fifth, sixth and seventh generation Kijang. The Kijang pickup was sold until early 2007, when it was replaced by the Hilux pickup truck to comply with the Euro 2 emission standards. The Indian market Qualis was replaced by the Innova, skipping the fourth generation model entirely. The Malaysian market Unser was sold alongside the Avanza introduced in late 2004 until the middle of 2005, when it was discontinued in favor of the Innova being introduced. The Innova was marketed in 2005 as the successor to the Revo in the Philippine market with marketing material referring to the Innova as "A Beautiful [R]evolution" referencing the Revo nameplate. Given the family oriented nature of the Innova, taxi and commercial businesses served previously by the entry level DLX and GL Revo trims were now served by the Avanza, while the upmarket SR and VX trims now being catered to by the Fortuner SUV. Commercial variants of the Tamaraw FX were succeeded by the Hilux FX and LiteAce FX utility vans, both carrying over the "FX" nameplate, and the Hilux Cargo closed van, along with the panel van, dropside pick up, and aluminium van variants of the LiteAce, released in 2022. Local interest in the Toyota Tamaraw however, has been rekindled with a preview of what appears to be a modernized version of the vehicle based on the IMV 0 concept vehicle, showcased in the Philippines as the Next Generation Tamaraw Concept. The new Tamaraw is reportedly still going to be offered in diesel, with the possibility of having a gasoline, hybrid or electric variant available. A possible release in Q1 2024 has been estimated. The Taiwanese Zace Surf was replaced with the Innova equipped with the 2.7 L 2TR FE petrol engine with no replacement for the four wheel drive variant and pickup truck. The Fortuner, then codenamed IMV4, was slated to be imported by local distributor Hotai Motors as to reflect the Zace Surf's then current lineup however due to strategic consideration by Toyota, the Innova was launched in 2007 instead with the 2TR FE to meet emission regulations with the smaller 1TR FE being introduced later to replace the larger engine. In 2016, the Innova was discontinued from the Taiwanese market with the second generation Innova not slated to be introduced. The Africa/Ghana market Condor was replaced by the Fortuner in 2006, Avanza in 2007 and Innova introduced in late 2011, while panel van duties served by the African market Stallion were passed onto a panel van version of the Avanza introduced in late 2013. The second generation Innova is not introduced to the South African market due to shrinking MPV market and poor sales.