Шурубуско шайқасы: АҚШ-Мексика соғысы және Сан Патрисио батальонының соңғы тұғыры

Battle of the Mexican–American War
The Battle of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, while Santa Anna's army was in retreat from the Battle of Contreras or Battle of Padierna during the Mexican–American War. It was the battle where the San Patricio Battalion, made up largely of US deserters, made their last stand against U. S. forces. The U. S. Army was victorious, outnumbering more than six to one the defending Mexican troops. After the battle, the U. S. Army was only 5 miles (8 km) away from Mexico City. 50 Saint Patrick's Battalion members were officially executed by the U. S. Army, all but two by hanging. Collectively, this was the largest mass execution in United States history.

Following their defeats at Contreras, Antonio López de Santa Anna ordered Major General Nicolás Bravo Rueda with the Army of the Center, to retreat from San Antonio to Churubusco. Santa Anna also ordered Major General Manuel Rincón to hold the Franciscan Convent of San Mateo in Churubusco, with earthworks and seven guns, and placed General Francisco Pérez at the tête de pont on the south bank of the river. Some elements of the Tlapa and Lagos Battalions arrived as reinforcements. Three cannon were placed on the right; two in the center; and the remaining two on the left. Independencia was assigned to defend the upper walls, the right flank leading to the bridge, the unfortified south and north sides, and two adobe huts further forward on the battlefield. The Bravos and the San Patricios were stationed on the left, behind barricades. In support along the Rio Churubusco was the Pérez Brigade: 2,500 men (11th Line, 1st, 3d & 4th Light Infantry Regiments). Worth's division took on the tête de pont, while Twiggs took on the convent. The San Patricio Battalion was ultimately captured and court martialed for desertion, including its leader, John Patrick Riley. U. S. Captain James Milton Smith finally stopped the fighting by putting up a white handkerchief.

The Americans captured 192 prisoners and three pieces of artillery at the tête de pont. They captured 1,259 prisoners, including three Generals and the San Patricios leader Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Rosenda Moreno, plus seven pieces of artillery at the convent. They captured another 380 prisoners further up the road. Winfield Scott estimated the Mexican casualties on August 19–20, at Contreras and Churubusco, at 4,297 killed and wounded; in addition to 2,637 taken prisoner. Seventy two men of the San Patricios Battalion were court martialed by the United States Army as deserters. Two separate courts martial were held, one at Tacubaya on 23 August, and another at San Ángel on 26 August. Fifty were sentenced to hang, having deserted after war had been declared. Those who had deserted earlier received 50 lashes. (See Saint Patrick's Battalion for a more complete description.) When General Anaya was asked by General Twiggs to surrender his ammunition after the end of the battle, he replied, "If I had any ammunition, you would not be here". Scott did not continue the pursuit into Mexico City, " willing to leave something to this republic I halted our victorious corps at the gates of the city." A Brigade of volunteers from New York was billeted to the convent, remaining there until September 7.

Parts of the battle were portrayed in the 1985 ABC mini series North and South, based on a trilogy of novels of the same name by John Jakes, as well as the film One Man's Hero (1999).