Құтлак Кроулендтік – Англиялық ғибадатханашы және қасиетті кісі

Christian saint and hermit, 674–714 CE

Saint Guthlac of Crowland (; Guthlacus; 674 – 714 CE) was a Christian hermit and saint from Lincolnshire in England. He is particularly venerated in the Fens of eastern England.

A short Old English sermon (Vercelli XXIII) and a longer prose translation into Old English are both based on Felix's Vita. There are also two poems in Old English known as Guthlac A and Guthlac B, part of the tenth century Exeter Book, the oldest surviving collection of English poetry. The relationship of Guthlac A to Felix's Vita is debated, but Guthlac B is based on Felix's account of the saint's death. The story of Guthlac is told pictorially in the Guthlac Roll, a set of detailed illustrations of the early 13th century. This is held in the British Library, with copies on display in Crowland Abbey. Another account, also dating from after the Norman Conquest, was included in the Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, which like the Guthlac Roll was commissioned by the Abbot of Crowland Abbey. At a time when it was being challenged by the crown, the Abbey relied significantly on the cult of Guthlac, which made it a place of pilgrimage and healing. That is reflected in a shift in the emphasis from the earlier accounts of Felix and others. The post conquest accounts portray him as a defender of the church rather than a saintly ascetic; instead of dwelling in an ancient burial mound, they depict Guthlac overseeing the building of a brick and stone chapel on the site of the abbey. The Yorkshire village of Golcar on the outskirts of Huddersfield is named after St Guthlac, who preached in the area during the 8th century. The name of the village is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Goullakarres. It has been proposed that Shakespeare drew on a lost play based on St Guthlac when writing The Tempest. For a discussion of the name “Guthlac” see Paul Cavill's essay "The naming of Guthlac".

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Olsen, Alexandra. Guthlac of Croyland: a Study of Heroic Hagiography. Washington, 1981
Powell, Stephen D. "The Journey Forth: Elegiac Consolation in Guthlac B." English Studies 79 (1998), pp. 489–500
Roberts, Jane. "The Old English Prose Translation of Felix’s Vita Sancti Guthlaci" Studies in Earlier Old English Prose: Sixteen Original Contributions, ed. Paul E. Szarmach. Albany, 1986, pp. 363–379
Roberts, Jane. "An inventory of early Guthlac materials" Mediaeval Studies 32 (1970), pp. 193–233
Sharma, Manish. "A Reconsideration of Guthlac A: The Extremes of Saintliness". Journal of English and Germanic Philology 101 (2002), pp. 185–200
Shook, Laurence K. "The Burial Mound in 'Guthlac A'". Modern Philology 58, 1 (August 1960), pp. 1–10
Soon Ai, Low. "Mental Culturation in Guthlac B". Neophilologus 81 (1997), pp. 625–636
Roberts, Jane. "Guthlac of Crowland, a Saint for Middle England." Fursey Occasional Paper 3. Norwich: Fursey Pilgrims, 2009. 1–36