Мюррей Хилл: Аудан шекараларының тарихы мен анықтамасы

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission has described Murray Hill's boundaries as roughly 34th Street on the south, 40th Street on the north, Fifth Avenue on the west, and Third Avenue on the east. The city's Planning Department has described the boundaries as roughly 34th Street on the south, 40th Street on the north, Madison Avenue on the west, and Second Avenue on the east. Manhattan Community Board 6—of which Murray Hill is part—has defined the boundaries as 34th Street to the south, 40th Street to the north, Madison Avenue to the west, and the East River to the east. This definition explicitly excludes Tudor City, just north of 40th Street between First and Second Avenues, which the community board's chairman said in 2021 "is considered its own neighborhood". Robert A. M. Stern's book New York 1960 defined the area as being bounded precisely by 34th Street to the south, 42nd Street to the north, Fifth Avenue to the west, and Third Avenue to the east. The New York Times states that commonly used boundaries of Murray Hill are 34th Street to the south, 42nd Street to the north, Madison Avenue to the west, and the East River to the east. Times architectural critic Herbert Muschamp, writing in 1997, said the Zagat Survey defined all of the area bounded by East 30th and 40th Streets between the East River and Fifth Avenue as part of Murray Hill. Summarizing the conflicting boundaries, Muschamp said that a then recent survey of residents found many were unable to distinguish Murray Hill by its name. With European colonization in the 17th century, the site was called Belmont and was part of the common lands of New York City.

Robert Murray (1721–1786) moved from Philadelphia to New York City in 1753. During that decade, he became a prosperous merchant, purchasing three vessels and obtaining an ownership stake in another. Murray had a townhouse on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan, which was close to his wharf on the East River at Wall Street, as well as to his retail store.

By the late 1750s, Murray was relatively successful and wished to build his own mansion. Murray's house was built on a since leveled hill at what is today Park Avenue and 36th Street. At the southern end, the plot was narrow, but at the northern end it extended from approximately Lexington Avenue to a spot between Madison and Fifth Avenues. The great square house, west of the Eastern Post Road, was approached by an avenue of mixed trees leading from the road. It was flanked on three sides by verandas and contained apartments on either side of a large hall. The Murray farm was bounded to the north by Thomas Bridgen Atwood's farm, which was on the western side of the Eastern Post Road between modern day 38th and 41st Streets, and to the east by Jacobus Kip's farm, along the eastern side of the same road from 28th to 39th Street extending to the East River. The site overlooked the East River and Kips Bay. One descendant wrote that Robert Murray "entertained at various times almost every foreigner of distinction who came to the American shores". Early in 1773, and again in 1774, advertisements for the Inclenberg estate were circulated, positioning the house and farm as a summer mansion. and succeeded in delaying the British troops for a period sufficient to allow a successful American retreat. The Rev. T. Dewitt Talmage said she saved American independence by detaining Lord Howe long enough to permit Israel Putnam to pass up the Greenwich road from the city and join the forces of George Washington in the north end of the island, before Howe was able to overtake him. The 3,500 men led by Washington were able to escape safely. James Thacher, a surgeon with the Continental Army, wrote in his journal: "It is a common saying among our officers that Mrs. Murray saved this part of the American army." According to later scholarship, the Murrays did not have such a large influence on the landing at Kip's Bay than was portrayed in contemporary sources. One contemporary rumor posited that Mrs. Murray and her two daughters had used "feminine wiles" to convince the officers to stop by for tea. However, later scholarship stated that Howe had ordered his troops to stand down until all the British Army troops had landed at Kips Bay. According to these writers, it was unlikely that Mrs. Murray would have known that Putnam was escaping on Manhattan's west side, given that the farm was on the island's east side. Furthermore, Robert Murray traded with both Continental and British Army soldiers. The Daughters of the American Revolution placed a plaque in 1926 near the site of the Murray mansion, commemorating the family's wartime actions. From 1776 to 1783, when the British Army occupied New York, British soldiers often visited Inclenberg. After the end of British occupation, the Murray family was associated with unpatriotic acts during the war, and one son, Lindley Murray, moved to England. His daughter Susannah was bequeathed the farm,

John Murray and his wife Hannah Lindley had four children. After John Murray's death in 1808, Hannah Lindley and their children moved into Inclenberg. Two of their children, Mary and Hannah, did not marry and instead lived in apartments that were specifically created for them at the estate. In the winter of 1808 during the embargo that closed New York Harbor, a work relief program kept out of work dock workers busy reducing the height of Murray Hill. Between twenty and forty feet were sliced off its summit and used for fill. Around that time, the area was subdivided into a regular street grid with the enactment of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Under the plan, what is now Third Avenue was opened between 1815 and 1821. The locomotives, which had met the horse cars that ran through the city's streets at the station at 27th Street, could pass the reduced hill. By an act of 1850 the city permitted to roof over the cut for the passage of steam locomotives. This Park Avenue Tunnel, enlarged and relined, has been devoted to automobile traffic since 1937. However, when J. P. Morgan built his conservative brownstone free standing mansion in 1882 on Madison Avenue at 36th Street (later part of The Morgan Library & Museum), it was considered a fashionable but slightly old fashioned address, as the rich were filling Fifth Avenue with palaces as far as Central Park. Instead stylish merchandising was changing the neighborhood; Madison Square Park, at this time considered a part of Murray Hill, was bordered by the fashionable ladies' shops of the day on Fifth Avenue. In 1925, the architectural firm Margon & Glaser designed the Griffon, a residential building at 77 Park Avenue and 39th Street. The Griffon which was converted into a condominium in 1969 and is known for its stunning lobby as well as its oversized apartment layouts with original details and fireplaces. The Griffon is included in the NRHP's Murray Hill historic district. Since the late 1990s, many young people in their twenties have moved to the area from the suburbs of New York. As reported in The New York Times in 2011, " recent college graduates can find themselves among fellow alumni, meet up for familiar drinking rituals and flock to the frozen yogurt shops and sushi bars that help them stay fit and find a mate for the next stage of life". On weekends, the raucous restaurant and bar scene along Third Avenue, beyond the traditional eastern limits of Murray Hill, particularly reflects this change. In the late 1990s, Murray Hill began to attract an influx of young college graduates, leading to a "work hard, play hard" atmosphere, which has since been referenced in several media sources such as The New York Times Con Edison's lots were placed for sale in 1999. The billionaire developer Sheldon Solow purchased the blocks between 38th and 41st Streets in 2000 and demolished the sites in anticipation of the construction of a multi building complex. However, these plans stalled with the financial crisis of 2007–2008, and the land lay unused. Solow later sold the 35th–36th Streets plot, and the American Copper Buildings were built on that site, opening in 2017–2018. as of 2018, the 38th–41st Streets plot was still unused, but Solow intended to construct a four building condo and office complex on that site.

For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Murray Hill as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Murray Hill Kips Bay. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Murray Hill Kips Bay was 50,742, a change of 2,323 (4.6%) from the 48,419 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 66.6% (33,818) White, 4.8% (2,423) African American, 0.1% (55) Native American, 16.2% (8,233) Asian, 0% (16) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (181) from other races, and 2% (1,008) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.9% (5,008) of the population. The entirety of Community District 6, which comprises Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town, had 53,120 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.8 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (45%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 22% are between 45 and 64, and 13% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college aged residents was lower, at 7% and 12% respectively. though the median income in Murray Hill individually was $117,677. The Whitney Museum of American Art opened a branch gallery at the Philip Morris headquarters opposite Grand Central Terminal in April 1983; it closed in January 2008, after 25 years. In addition, for around fifty years, the neighborhood had been home to National Review, the conservative journal of opinion founded by William F. Buckley, Jr., most of that time at 150 East 35th Street and 215 Lexington Avenue at 33rd Street. 150 East 35th Street was purchased by Yeshiva University.

In 2002, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission created the Murray Hill Historic District. The original district consists of 71 rowhouses, three apartments, a church, and an office within two non contiguous areas. The district was extended in 2004 to encompass 12 additional buildings in two areas, one of which directly abuts both of the original historic district areas. The expanded city historic district includes properties on both sides of 35th through 38th Streets between Park and Lexington Avenues. The National Park Service also added the Murray Hill Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, with 88 contributing and 12 non contributing properties. The NRHP district was extended in 2013 with another 150 contributing and 21 non contributing buildings. The NRHP district's expansion includes several structures built in the 1940s and 1950s, as well as rowhouse with facade modifications. The expanded NRHP district includes about 16 blocks bounded by Madison Avenue, 34th Street, Third Avenue, and 40th Street.

The defense contractor L3 Technologies has its headquarters in Murray Hill. Sumitomo Corporation operates its New York Office, the headquarters of the corporation's United States operations, in the same building as the headquarters of L 3. Industries supported by the office include Aerospace and Defense, Agricultural Commodities, Agrochemicals, Business Investment, Chemicals, Fertilizer, Information Technology, Latin American Operations, Living Related Products, Media and IT Venture Group, Meat Products, Presidio Venture Partners, Ship, Real Estate, Transportation Systems and Equipment, and Tubular Products. China Airlines operates its New York branch office on Third Avenue. When United Parcel Service expanded to the East Coast and began operations in New York City in 1930, it moved its corporate headquarters from Los Angeles to the floors above its main hub at 331 East 38th Street in Murray Hill. The headquarters remained at the site until 1964 when the company moved into a new facility in Hell's Kitchen. In 1959, the United States Olympic Committee purchased 57 Park Avenue—the former Adelaide L. T. Douglas House—to serve as its headquarters, which it called Olympic House. The committee moved its headquarters from New York City to Colorado Springs in 1978. American Airlines opened its headquarters at 633 Third Avenue in 1975. Three years later, American announced that it would move its headquarters to a site at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport the following year, in an act that New York City mayor Ed Koch called a "betrayal" of New York City. For more than 60 years, the offices of William F. Buckley Jr.'s journal of opinion, National Review, were located in the neighborhood, at 150 East 35th Street and then at 215 Lexington Avenue. In 2017 the magazine relocated to West 44th Street.

Murray Hill and Turtle Bay are patrolled by the 17th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 167 East 51st Street. The 17th Precinct and neighboring 13th Precinct ranked 57th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per capita crime in 2010. The high per capita crime rate is attributed to the precincts' high number of property crimes. as of 2018, with a non fatal assault rate of 35 per 100,000 people, Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 180 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

Murray Hill is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Company 21 fire station, located at 238 East 40th Street.

as of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers in Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town are lower than the city average. In Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town, there were 78 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 1.5 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate was based on a small sample size.

Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town generally have a higher rate of college educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. College educated residents comprise 82% of those age 25 and older, while 15% are high school graduates or have some college education, and 3% have less than a high school education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Murray Hill and Stuyvesant Town, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%. The entrances to P. S. 116 on 33rd Street are divided into "Boys'" and "Girls'" doors. Each entrance features decorative carvings of male and female students, respectively, engaged in reading and scientific activities. P. S. 281 opened in 2013 and is located on 35th Street adjacent to the American Copper Buildings. Murray Hill residents are also zoned to I. S. 104, the Simon Baruch School, located in the Gramercy Park neighborhood.

The New York Public Library (NYPL)'s Kips Bay branch is located at 446 Third Avenue. The two story branch opened in 1972 and was designed by architect Giorgio Cavaglieri as a replacement for the St. Gabriel's and Nathan Straus branches, which had been torn down to make way for construction of the Queens–Midtown Tunnel and Kips Bay Towers, respectively. The neighborhood is also home to the CUNY Graduate Center, which shares the former B. Altman & Company Building with Oxford University Press. Yeshiva University's Beren Campus is located in Murray Hill, which includes buildings for the university's Stern College for Women and Syms School of Business.

Manhattan Community District 6, which includes Murray Hill, has the lowest ratio of public park space per capita of all community districts in the borough and also ranks second to last among all community districts in New York City with regards to the percentage of district land that is parkland. St. Vartan Park occupies the block bounded by First and Second avenues and East 35th and 36th streets. The park originally opened in 1906 as St. Gabriel's Park
and was renamed St. Vartan Park in 1978. Robert Moses Playground, located on the east side of First Avenue between East 41st and 42nd streets, was created in 1941 in exchange for taking a part of St. Gabriel's Park for the construction of the Queens–Midtown Tunnel. It lies opposite Trygve Lie Plaza, located on the west side of First Avenue between East 41st and 42nd streets, which was created in 1948 as part of the widening of First Avenue for the development of the United Nations headquarters. Parks along the East River in Murray Hill include the East River Esplanade Park from 36th to 38th streets and Waterside Pier from 38th to 41st streets; both of which form part of the East River Greenway.

Murray Hill is served by the New York City Subway's at 33rd Street. It is also served by MTA Regional Bus Operations' routes. Metro North Railroad service is available at nearby Grand Central Terminal and Long Island Rail Road service is also available at Grand Central Madison. Murray Hill is served by various NYC Ferry and SeaStreak ferry services at the East 34th Street Ferry Landing. The ferry landing is adjacent to the East 34th Street Heliport.

For the most part of the 20th century the name "Murray Hill" was used by New York Telephone as a telephone exchange for residents living on the East Side of Manhattan, served from the East 37th Street exchange building. Though the entire city was covered by area code 212 until the 1980s, most neighborhoods at the time would be grouped together by a particular exchange name. Other municipalities in the United States would also use MUrray or MUrray Hill as an exchange name. The first two letters in MUrray (capitalized to indicate that they should be dialed) would be followed by five digits to make up a telephone number, such as MUrray Hill 5 9975 (the Ricardos' number on I Love Lucy). This was the way most telephone numbers were given until AT&T switched to all number calling by the late 1970s to early 1980s. Nevertheless, the name MUrray Hill is still applicable, as many East Side phone numbers in area code 212 still begin with 68, which corresponds to MU on the telephone keypad.