Гликопиррония бромиді: қолданысы, әсерлері мен жағымсыз реакциялары

Chemical compound

Glycopyrronium bromide is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group. via intravenous injection, on the skin, and via inhalation. or glycopyrrolate (USAN). The most common side effects include irritability, flushing, blocked nose, reduced secretions in the airways, dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting and inability to completely empty the bladder (urinary retention). It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Glycopyrronium was first used in 1961 to treat peptic ulcers. Since 1975, intravenous glycopyrronium has been used before surgery to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions. It can be administered to raise the heart rate in bradycardia, which often will also increase the blood pressure. It is also used to reduce excessive saliva (sialorrhea), and to treat Ménière's disease. It has been used topically and orally to treat hyperhidrosis, in particular, gustatory hyperhidrosis. In inhalable form it is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Doses for inhalation are much lower than oral ones, so that swallowing a dose will not have an effect.

Dry mouth, urinary retention, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, blurry vision are possible side effects of the medication. thus inhibiting cholinergic transmission.

Glycopyrronium bromide affects the gastrointestinal tracts, liver and kidney but has a very limited effect on the brain and the central nervous system. In horse studies, after a single intravenous infusion, the observed tendencies of glycopyrronium followed a tri exponential equation, by rapid disappearance from the blood followed by a prolonged terminal phase. Excretion was mainly in urine and in the form of an unchanged drug. Glycopyrronium has a relatively slow diffusion rate, and in a standard comparison to atropine, is more resistant to penetration through the blood brain barrier and placenta.

It has been studied in asthma.