Біріккен Ұлттар Ұйымының «Бейбітшілік үшін Бірігу» қаулысы және Төтенше арнайы сессиялар

1950 resolution establishing GA emergency special sessions
the United Nations resolution
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution 377 A, the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, states that in any cases where the Security Council, because of a lack of unanimity among its five permanent members (P5), fails to act as required to maintain international security and peace, the General Assembly shall consider the matter immediately and may issue appropriate recommendations to UN members for collective measures, including the use of armed force when necessary, in order to maintain or restore international security and peace. It was adopted 3 November 1950, after fourteen days of Assembly discussions, by a vote of 52 to 5, with 2 abstentions. The resolution was designed to provide the UN with an alternative avenue for action when at least one P5 member uses its veto to obstruct the Security Council from carrying out its functions mandated by the UN Charter. To facilitate prompt action by the General Assembly in the case of a deadlocked Security Council, the resolution created the mechanism of the emergency special session (ESS). Emergency special sessions have been convened under this procedure on eleven occasions, with the most recent convened in February 2022, to address Russia's invasion of Ukraine. However, unlike the preceding ESSs, the tenth ESS has been 'adjourned' and 'resumed' on numerous occasions over the past several years, and remains adjourned. Indeed, more than ten separate 'meetings' have been held by the Assembly, whilst sitting in the tenth ESS, since 2000.

The Uniting for Peace resolution was implemented 13 times between 1951 and 2022. It has been invoked by both the Security Council (8 times) and the General Assembly (5 times). Eleven of those cases took the form of Emergency Special Sessions.

Invoked by Security Council Resolution 303. The Twenty Sixth Regular Session was seated no Emergency Special Session was needed so the issue was handled under the agenda item "UN Assistance to East Pakistan Refugees".

Invoked by Security Council Resolution 462. Sixth Emergency Special Session on "The Situation in Afghanistan" adopted Resolution ES 6/2 calling for the immediate, unconditional and total withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan.

Invoked by Security Council Resolution 500. Ninth Emergency Special Session on "The Situation in the Middle East" adopted Resolution ES 9/1 declaring Israel a non peace loving state and calling on members to apply a number of measures on Israel.

Invoked by Security Council Resolution 2623. Eleventh Emergency Special Session on "The Situation in Ukraine" met on 28 February 2022.

Following three vetoes by the USSR on situation in Korea, six Security Council members requested the General Assembly to consider the situation (A/1618). The Security Council subsequently removed the item from its agenda, enabling the General Assembly to freely discuss the matter under Article 11 of the UN Charter. In resolution 498(V), the Assembly used the language of the Uniting for Peace resolution: "noting that the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, has failed to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security with regard to Chinese communist intervention in Korea  "

Invoked by General Assembly at the request of USSR (A/6717) and vote (98 3 3). Fifth Emergency Special Session on "The Situation in the Middle East" adopted six resolutions, including Resolutions 2253 and 2254 (ES V) calling on Israel to rescind unilateral measures in Jerusalem.

Invoked by General Assembly request Senegal (A/ES 7/1). Seventh Emergency Special Session on "The Question of Palestine" adopted eight resolutions (ES 7/2 through ES 7/9) calling for the unconditional and total withdrawal of Israel from territories occupied since 1967.

Invoked by General Assembly at the request of Zimbabwe (A/ES 8/1). The UNGA's eighth emergency special session was convened by Zimbabwe in order to discuss the "Question of Namibia". Its meetings were conducted between 3 September and 14 September 1981. By adopting A/RES/377 A, on 3 November 1950, over two thirds of UN Member states declared that, according to the UN Charter, the permanent members of the UNSC cannot and should not prevent the UNGA from taking any and all action necessary to restore international peace and security, in cases where the UNSC has failed to exercise its 'primary responsibility' for maintaining peace. Such an interpretation sees the UNGA as being awarded 'final responsibility'—rather than 'secondary responsibility'—for matters of international peace and security, by the UN Charter. Various official and semi official UN reports make explicit reference to the Uniting for Peace resolution as providing a mechanism for the UNGA to overrule any UNSC vetoes.

ICJ, Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter), Advisory Opinion of 20 July 1962, ICJ Reports 1962, p. 151. ICJ, Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970), Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 1971, p. 16. ICJ, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 2004, p. 136.