Датivтік конструкция: Сөйлем құрылысының ерекшелігі

Grammatical way of constructing a sentence

The dative construction is a grammatical way of constructing a sentence, using the dative case. A sentence is also said to be in dative construction if the subject and the object (direct or indirect) can switch their places for a given verb, without altering the verb's structure (subject becoming the new object, and the object becoming the new subject). The latter case is not to be confused with the passive voice, where only the direct object of a sentence becomes the subject of the passive voiced sentence, and the verb's structure also changes to convey the meaning of the passive voice. The dative construction tends to occur when the verb indicates a state rather than an action.

A number of verbs in Spanish employ a dative construction. Many of these verbs express psychological states; the most common one is gustar, which is equivalent to English like (but syntactically functions like be pleasant to). The verb agrees with the formal/morphological subject, but the subject is usually placed after the verb instead of before, as usual. The dative construction requires a clitic pronoun; if the dative argument is a full noun phrase or needs to be explicitly stated, it is shown by a phrase with the preposition a. Me gusta el verano. ("I like the summer")
A mí me gusta más la primavera. ("[As for me,] I like the spring better")
A Juan le gustan las rubias. ("Juan likes blondes")
A ella le gustas. ("She likes you")

Other verbs which show this pattern are apasionar ("to be passionate about"), antojarse ("to have a feeling for"), encantar ("to adore"), faltar ("to be lacking"), quedar ("to be remaining") and sobrar ("to be in excess").

The genitive case is used in dative constructions. The "dative genitive" (datiivigenetiivi) is no longer productive in Finnish language, and it is often replaced with other cases, except in frozen expressions, e. g. luojan kiitos (thanks to god). Minä olen kylmä. = I am cold (cold personality). Minun on kylmä. = "To me is cold." More often in modern language: Minulla on kylmä. = "At me is cold." The dative genitive is often used with verb infinitives. Minun pitää tehdä se. = "To me has to do it." = I have to do it. Minun tekee mieli syödä makeisia. = "To me makes mind to eat candies " = I'd like to eat candies. Minun tekee pahaa ajatellakin sitä. = "To me makes bad to even think about it." = I feel bad just thinking it.

Latin uses a dative construction for indirect objects (dativus possessivus). Mihi est liber. = "To me is book." = I have a book.

Hungarian uses a similar construction to Latin for rendering possession without the verb to have which is missing from Hungarian.