Екінші дүниежүзілік соғысы үшін құрылған американдық S160 локомотивтері

Class of American 2 8 0 locomotive built for service overseas during World War II

The United States Army Transportation Corps S160 Class is a class of 2 8 0 Consolidation steam locomotive, designed for heavy freight work in Europe during World War II. A total of 2,120 were built and they worked on railroads across much of the world, including Africa, Asia, all of Europe and South America.

During the 1930s, the United States Army Transportation Corps approved an update of a Baldwin Locomotive Works World War I design, to be used, if required, for war transportation. The result was the S159 Class loco. During the early period of World War II, when America was neutral, the government of Franklin D. Roosevelt approved the Lend Lease supply to the United Kingdom of the S200 Class, a 2 8 2 configuration, designed specifically to fit into the restricted British loading gauge. With America's entry to World War II, the USATC needed a developed design from which a large number of locomotives could be constructed to run on the wrecked railways of Europe, deploying military hardware and civilian goods. Hence, the development of the S160 Class, designed by Maj. J. W. Marsh from the Railway Branch of the Corps of Engineers, which drew on previous locomotives, using austerity principles, and was built using methods which allowed for efficient and fast construction, and a long life, and cast wheels, the front two driving axles were sprung independently from the rear two driving axles, to cater for running on poor quality track. The larger tender layout was derived from the similar design of the British WD Austerity 2 8 0, with an inset coal bunker above the water tank to improve visibility when running backwards.

The S160's were designed for quick and efficient building, not long term operations, thus compromises in design led to some difficulties in operation. The axle box grease lubricators were not very efficient, particularly when maintenance procedures lapsed or were delayed for operational war reasons, and so axle boxes often ran hot. Braking was poor by modern standards, with a Westinghouse steam brake used for the locomotive, If the valves were not fully open, the crews could be misled into thinking that the water level was adequate, even though it was becoming dangerously low. When a low water condition allowed the crown sheet to overheat, the stay bolts holding the crown sheet would fail with little warning, resulting in a boiler explosion.

Under the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, a number of S160s were deployed to China and South Korea. In addition to this, a 1944 batch of 60 from Baldwin were sent to India and locally assembled. China, KD6 Class – number unknown. Many were modernized with larger cabs, higher stacks, some fitted with large smoke lifters with horizontal riffles. They were later transferred to industrial operators, mainly coal mines. The last example was withdrawn in the late 1990s, with 2 surviving; 463 & 487. North Korea, 8000 series number unknown. The DPRK's S160s came from the Soviet Union and China, starting almost immediately following the end of the Second World War, and the Korean State Railway eventually numbered them in the 8000 series. Ironically, the S160's were used by both North and South Korean forces during this conflict. South Korea, 소리2 (Sori2) class, 소리2 1 — 소리2 100. 100 S160s were delivered to the Korean National Railroad in 1947. In KNR service they were used primarily in yard duty and occasional short local trains, but they were not popular with Korean locomotive crews, as they were right hand drive on a left running railway. They were split between the East Indian Railway and the South Indian Railway; at the all India renumbering scheme the former EIR locomotives became 22601–22614, and SIR locomotives became 22615–22660. the Lima drawing index for the class, nor in meeting minutes in which representatives of the War Department and the three builders made several design decisions prior to production. It is also not found in any of approximately 900 engineering drawings which are still in existence. The Baldwin designation for the design, 2 8 0 19S, is found in their drawing indexes, on some drawings, and is stamped onto major locomotive components on examples built by Baldwin.