Америкааралық істер жөніндегі координатор кеңсесінің тарихы

Former U. S. government agency

The Office of the Coordinator of Inter American Affairs, later known as the Office for Inter American Affairs, was a United States agency promoting inter American cooperation (Pan Americanism) during the 1940s, especially in commercial and economic areas. It was started in August 1940 as OCCCRBAR (Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics) with Nelson Rockefeller as its head, appointed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The Office of Coordinator of Inter American Affairs in the Executive Office of the President was formally established and enacted by US Executive Order 8840 on July 30, 1941, by President Roosevelt who named Nelson Rockefeller as the Coordinator of Inter American Affairs (CIAA). The agency's function was to counter Italian and German propaganda in the region. The FBI trained the secret police of friendly nations. German sales to military forces was displaced by American aid. Pro German newspapers and radio stations were blacklisted. Government censorship was encouraged, while the Latin America was blanketed with pro American propaganda. The OCIAA grew to be a large Federal agency with a budget of $38 million and 1,500 employees by 1943. 1942. It was later renamed the Office of Inter American Affairs (OIAA) with slightly changed powers by Executive order 9532 on March 23, 1945.

The Office of the Coordinator of Inter American Affairs was established in August 1940 by order of the U. S. Council of National Defense, and operated with funds from both the government and the private sector. The mission of the OCIAA was cultural diplomacy, promoting hemispheric solidarity and countering the growing influence of the Axis powers in Latin America. The OCIAA's Motion Picture Division played an important role in documenting history and shaping opinion toward the Allied nations, particularly after the U. S. entered World War II in December 1941. To support the war effort — and for their own audience development throughout Latin America — Hollywood studios partnered with the U. S. government on a nonprofit basis, making films and incorporating Latin American stars and content into their commercial releases. Included among the international contributors were: Alfredo Antonini (Italian American conductor), Terig Tucci (Argentine composer), John Serry Sr. (Italian American accordionist), Elsa Miranda (Puerto Rican vocalist), Eva Garza (Mexican American vocalist), Nestor Mesa Chaires (Mexican tenor), Juan Arvizu (Mexican tenor), Manolita Arriola (Mexican vocalist) and Edmund A. Chester (American journalist). The OCIAA also supported cultural programming on the CBS radio network which included performances by such Hollywood luminaries as Edward G. Robinson and Rita Hayworth. Artists working in a variety of disciplines were appointed goodwill ambassadors to Latin America by the OCIAA, which also sponsored a variety of cultural tours. A select listing includes Misha Reznikoff and photojournalist Genevieve Naylor (October 1940–May 1943); Bing Crosby (August–October 1941); Walt Disney (August–October 1941); Aaron Copland (August–December 1941); George Balanchine and the American Ballet (1941); Orson Welles (1942); Rita Hayworth (1942); Grace Moore (1943); and John Ford and Gregg Toland (1943).

In its early days, a particular concern of the OCIAA was the elimination of German influence in South America, and that of other Axis powers. Trade routes to Europe were disrupted following the fall of France in June 1940, presenting opportunities to both Germany and the U. S. At the same time, many agents or affiliates of U. S. firms operating in Latin America were sympathetic to European Axis powers. The office encouraged a voluntary program of non cooperation with companies and individuals perceived to be anti American. To this end it cooperated secretly with British Security Co ordination in New York. Though isolated in Europe, Britain maintained an extensive intelligence network in Latin America, and was happy to undermine Germany's trade efforts overseas by identifying sympathisers and agents. Through these efforts, U. S. exporters were encouraged to drop over a thousand accounts in South America during the first half of 1941. The office was also concerned with public opinion in Latin America. It translated and disseminated relevant speeches by President Roosevelt, and distributed pro U. S materials to features syndicates in the region. It carried out audience research surveys and encouraged radio broadcasters targeting these regions to improve the quality of their programming. In order to discourage opposing views it created a 'Proclaimed List', a black list of newspapers and radio stations owned or influenced by Axis powers. Latin American firms wishing to do business with America were discouraged from dealing with these stations. Tax incentives were also used: spending by American firms on unprofitable longwave transmission to Latin America could be deducted from income tax payments. Likewise, spending on approved advertising in Latin America became deductible from corporate income taxes. In 1944, William Benton, publisher of the Encyclopædia Britannica, had entered into unsuccessful negotiations with Disney to make six to twelve educational films annually. Disney was asked to make an educational film about the Amazon basin and it resulted in the 1944 short, The Amazon Awakens.

By an Executive order of August 31, 1945, the informational activities of the Office of Inter American Affairs were transferred to the Department of State. It became known as the Office for Inter American Affairs. By an Executive order of April 10, 1946, the Office was abolished and its remaining functions and responsibilities were transferred to the State Department.