Латын әліпбиінің "G" әрпі

7th letter of the Latin alphabet
the letter of the alphabet

G, or g, is the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is gee (pronounced /'//dʒ//iː/), plural gees. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the single storey (sometimes "opentail") and the double storey (sometimes "looptail") The former is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children.

The modern lowercase has two typographic variants: the single storey (sometimes "opentail") and the double storey (sometimes "looptail") The single storey form derives from the majuscule (uppercase) form by raising the serif that distinguishes it from 'c' to the top of the loop (thus closing the loop), and extending the vertical stroke downward and to the left. The double storey form had developed similarly, except that some ornate forms then extended the tail back to the right, and to the left again, forming a closed bowl or loop. The initial extension to the left was absorbed into the upper closed bowl. The double storey version became popular when printing switched from Blackletter type to Roman type, because the tail was effectively shorter, making it possible to put more lines on a page. In the double storey version, a small top stroke in the upper right, often terminating in an orb shape, is called an "ear". Generally, the two forms are complementary and interchangeable; the form displayed is a typeface selection choice. In Unicode, the two appearances are generally treated as glyph variants with no semantic difference. Most serif typefaces use the looptail form (for example, ) and most sans serif typefaces use the opentail form (for example, ) but the code point in both cases is U+0067. For applications where the single storey variant must be distinguished (such as strict IPA in a typeface where the usual g character is double storey), the character is available, as well as an upper case version,

Occasionally the difference has been exploited to provide contrast. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, opentail has always represented a voiced velar plosive, while looptail represented a voiced velar fricative from 1895 to 1900. In 1948, the Council of the International Phonetic Association recognized and as typographic equivalents, and this decision was reaffirmed in 1993. While the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association recommended the use of for a velar plosive and for an advanced one for languages where it is preferable to distinguish the two, such as Russian, this practice never caught on. The 1999 Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, the successor to the Principles, abandoned the recommendation and acknowledged both shapes as acceptable variants. In 2018, a study found that native English speakers have little conscious awareness of the looptail form The authors write: "Despite being questioned repeatedly, and despite being informed directly that G has two lowercase print forms, nearly half of the participants failed to reveal any knowledge of the looptail 'g', and only 1 of the 38 participants was able to write looptail 'g' correctly".

Most Romance languages and some Nordic languages also have two main pronunciations for , hard and soft. While the soft value of varies in different Romance languages ( in French and Portuguese, in Catalan, in Italian and Romanian, and in most dialects of Spanish), in all except Romanian and Italian, soft has the same pronunciation as the
In Italian and Romanian, is used to represent before front vowels where would otherwise represent a soft value. In Italian and French, is used to represent the palatal nasal , a sound somewhat similar to the in English canyon. In Italian, the trigraph , when appearing before a vowel or as the article and pronoun gli, represents the palatal lateral approximant
Other languages typically use to represent regardless of position. Amongst European languages, Czech, Dutch, Estonian and Finnish are an exception as they do not have in their native words. In Dutch, represents a voiced velar fricative instead, a sound that does not occur in modern English, but there is a dialectal variation: many Netherlandic dialects use a voiceless fricative ( or ) instead, and in southern dialects it may be palatal Nevertheless, word finally it is always voiceless in all dialects, including the standard Dutch of Belgium and the Netherlands. On the other hand, some dialects (like Amelands) may have a phonemic
Faroese uses to represent , in addition to , and also uses it to indicate a glide. In Māori, is used in the digraph which represents the velar nasal and is pronounced like the in singer. The Samoan and Fijian languages use the letter by itself for
In older Czech and Slovak orthographies, was used to represent , while was written as ( with caron). The Azerbaijani Latin alphabet uses exclusively for the "soft" sound, namely The sound is written as This leads to unusual spellings of loanwords: qram 'gram', qrup 'group', qaraj 'garage', qallium 'gallium'.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, represents the voiced velar plosive. The small caps represents the voiced uvular plosive.

Unit prefix G, meaning 1,000,000,000 times.