Иллинойс штатының үкіметтік құрылымы

Government of a U. S. state
The Government of Illinois, under Illinois' Constitution, has three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. The State's executive branch is split into several statewide elected offices, with the Governor as chief executive and head of state, and has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions. Legislative functions are granted to the General Assembly, a bicameral body consisting of the 118 member House of Representatives and the 59 member Senate. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court of Illinois and lower courts.

The executive branch is composed of six elected officers and their offices, as well as numerous other departments. The six elected officers are:

The Supreme Court has limited original jurisdiction and has final appellate jurisdiction. It has mandatory jurisdiction in capital cases and cases where the constitutionality of laws has been called into question, and has discretionary jurisdiction from the Appellate Court. The Appellate Court is the court of first appeal for civil and criminal cases rising in the Illinois circuit courts. The circuit courts are trial courts of original jurisdiction. There are 24 judicial circuits in the state, each comprising one or more of Illinois' 102 counties. The circuit court has general jurisdiction and can decide, with few exceptions, any kind of case.

Springfield is the state capital. Many state offices are in Springfield, and it is the regular meeting place of the Illinois General Assembly. Most cabinet officers and constitutional officers conduct a majority of their business in Chicago, with offices at the James R. Thompson Center. In 2012, St. Louis Post Dispatch columnist Pat Gauen argued that "in the reality of Illinois politics, [Springfield] shares de facto capital status with Chicago."

The administrative divisions of Illinois are the counties, townships, precincts, cities, towns, villages, and special purpose districts. Illinois has more units of local government than any other state—over 8,000 in all. The basic subdivision of Illinois are the 102 counties. 85 of the 102 counties are in turn divided into 1,432 townships. Municipal governments are the cities, villages, and incorporated towns. Some localities possess "home rule", which allows them to govern themselves to a certain extent. Illinois counties, townships, cities, and villages may promulgate local ordinances. Illinois also has several types of school districts (including the Chicago Public Schools and the Illinois Community College System) and additional units of government that oversee many other functions.