Кладово: Тарихы, географиясы және табиғаты

Kladovo (, ; Cladova or Claudia) is a town and municipality located in the Bor District of eastern Serbia. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube river.

Early Bronze Age pottery of the Kostolac Kocofeni culture was found in Donje Butorke, Kladovo, as well as several miniature duck shaped vases of 14th century BC in Mala Vrbica and Korbovo. Bronze Age necropolis with rituals, pottery (decorated with meander) and other significant archaeological items were found in Korbovo. Emperor Trajan had the well known Trajan's Bridge built nearby and the Roman fort of Pontes was built on the Serbian side, Drobeta (castra) on the Romanian side. In the Middle Ages, Slavs founded here new town named Novi Grad (Нови Град), but it was razed by the Hungarians in 1502. It was rebuilt in 1524 by the Ottomans and received new name: Fethi Islam (Fethülislam). According to Ottoman traveler, Evliya Çelebi, who visited the town in 1666, most of its inhabitants spoke local Slavic language and Turkish language, while some also spoke Romanian. Званични сајт општине Кладово In 1784, the population of Kladovo numbered 140 Muslim and 50 Christian houses. Званични сајт општине Кладово

From 1929 to 1941, Kladovo was part of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

East of the town are the sandy region of Kladovski Peščar, black locust forests, and a marshy area called Kladovski Rit, which used to be a large fish pond. It is home to 140 species of birds, of which 80 nest in the area. There are mixed colonies of pygmy cormorants and herons, while other birds include swans, white tailed eagles, European bee eaters, and numerous ducks. The surrounding area is a hunting ground for wild boars. Neighboring geographical localities, such as Osojna and Lolićeva Česma, are popular local excursion areas.

Kladovo has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa).

According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 20,635 inhabitants.

Kladovo has one hospital, two daycare and kindergarten centers, one elementary school (grades 1 through 8), one high school and several vocational schools. Though the river Danube is very polluted by international standards, many people still fish in it. Before the power plant was built, sturgeon caviar from this area was very popular and was exported as a delicacy to the western Europe and the United States. In the 1960s, up to 3 tons of caviar yearly was exported from Kladovo. Record catch from that period is a heavy sturgeon with of the roe in it. However, the records from the past, dated in 1793, report of the sturgeon which had The specificity of the Caviar of Kladovo was that the roe gets "ripe" enough during the long journey of the fish from the Black Sea upstream the Danube. Also, roe was turned into the caviar using the dry method. The nearby archeological sites include the remnants of Roman Emperor Trajan's bridge, a Trajan table, remnants of Trajan's road through the Danube's Iron Gates, and the Roman fortress Diana. The Trajan's Bridge is located 5 km downstream from Kladovo. It had 20 pillars and was 1,200 m long. Trajan's successor Hadrian partially demolished it to prevent the raids of the Dacians and the bridge was later neglected. The bridge is depicted in a relief on the Trajan's Column in Rome. Until the 16th century, it was the largest bridge ever built. The 20 pillars were still visible in 1856, when the level of the Danube hit a record low. In 1906, the Commission of the Danube decided to destroy two of the pillars that were obstructing navigation. In 1932, there were 16 pillars remaining underwater, but in 1982 only 12 were mapped by archaeologists; the other four had probably been swept away by water. Only the entrance pillars are now visible on either bank of the Danube. When the artificial Đerdap Lake was formed from 1967 72 as a result of the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station. The lake inundated the old Roman road along the coast and the only remaining part of the old path is the Tabula Traiana, a Roman memorial plaque, which was elevated for 25 m. The process of lifting the table (4 m x 1.75 m) lasted from 1966 to 1969, today is several meters above the lake level and is observable only from the lake. The Đerdap national park offers scenic views, excellent hunting grounds, and many trails for hiking (most trails are not well marked or maintained, so hiking is recommended only for the experienced). The town has two hotels: "Đerdap" and "Aquastar Danube". Nearby the city (8 km on the road to Belgrade) there is a youth camp named "Karataš" (Turkish kara tash for "black stone") which can host some of the visiting tourists. Kladovo has many cafés and restaurants, some offering live music entertainment late into the night. The town's quay stretches about along the Danube river and is used for walking and cycling. Kladovo has a beach, Đerdap Archaeology Museum, Orthodox Church of Saint George and a pedestrian zone (Kladovo Skadarlija). Kladovo is on the European bicycle path and in 2016 about 16,000 cyclists passed through the town. As of 2017, the bus line Belgrade Kladovo was the only one in Serbia which had bicycle carriers on the buses. The neighboring villages of Tekija and Brza Palanka also arranged beaches on the river. Other touristic attractions include the organized visits to the Iron Gate I power plant, local cuisine and the surrounding wine region between Kladovo and Negotin, the Negotin Valley. In the 19th century, the wine produced here was shipped to Belgrade, Novi Sad, Budapest, Vienna, etc. until 2019, when more extensive renovation works begun.