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In Chinese martial arts, there are fighting styles that are modeled after animals. In Southern styles, especially those associated with Guangdong and Fujian provinces, there are five traditional animal styles known as Ng Ying Kung Fu (Chinese: 五形功夫) )—Tiger, Crane, Leopard, Snake, and Dragon. The five animal martial arts styles supposedly originated from the Henan Shaolin Temple, which is north of the Yangtze River, even though imagery of these particular five animals as a distinct set (i. e. in the absence of other animals such as the horse or the monkey as in tai chi or xingyiquan) is either rare in Northern Shaolin martial arts—and Northern Chinese martial arts in general—or recent (cf. wǔxíngbāfǎquán; 五形八法拳; "Five Form Eight Method Fist"). An alternate selection which is also widely used is the crane, the tiger, the monkey, the snake, and the mantis. In Mandarin, "wuxing" is the pronunciation not only of "five animals", but also of "five elements", the core techniques of xingyiquan martial arts, which also features animal mimicry, but often with ten or twelve animals rather than five, and with its high narrow Santishi stance, these look nothing like a Fujianese Southern style found in the North. Other animal styles of various types are sometimes used.

According to legend, Jueyuan, a 13th century Shaolin martial artist, used the original 18 Luohan Hands as a foundation, expanding its 18 techniques into 72. In Gansu Province in the west of China, in the city of Lanzhou, he met Li Sou, a master of "Red Fist" Hongquan (紅拳). Li Sou accompanied Jueyuan back to Henan, to Luoyang to introduce Jueyuan to Bai Yufeng, master of an internal method. They returned to Shaolin with Bai Yufeng and expanded Jueyuan's 72 techniques to approximately 170. Using their combined knowledge, they restored internal aspects to Shaolin boxing. They organized these techniques into Five Animals: the Tiger, the Crane, the Leopard, the Snake and the Dragon. Jueyuan is also credited with the Northern style "Flood Fist" Hongquan, which does not feature the Five Animals but is written with the same characters as the Southern style Hung Kuen, perhaps the quintessential Five Animals style. Moreover, as in the Southern Hung Kuen, the "Hong" character (洪) in Hongquan actually refers to a family name rather than its literal meaning of "flood." However, the two styles have nothing in common beyond their shared name.

The "Five Animal play" (五禽戲, Wuqinxi) are a set of qigong exercises developed during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD). Some claim the author of this qigong sequence to be Hua Tuo, however Yang Jwing Ming suggests it was the Taoist Master Jiun Chiam and Huatuo merely perfected its application and passed it onto gifted disciples including Wu Pu, Fan E, and Li Dangzhi. The five animals in the exercises are the tiger, deer, bear, monkey and crane. According to TCM theory of wuxing (Five Elements), each animal has two exercises corresponding to the yin and yang internal organs (zangfu). Regular practise of this qigong is said to improve functioning of the Liver/Gallbladder (Wood Element – tiger), Kidneys/Bladder (Water Element – deer), Spleen/Stomach (Earth Element – bear), Heart/Small Intestine (Fire Element – monkey) and Lung/Large Intestine (Metal Element – crane) respectively.

The first animal is Tiger. It relates to the wood element, the season of spring, and therefore the liver and gallbladder. The liver's emotion is anger and has many important functions including storing blood (Xue), ensuring the smooth movement of qi in the body, and housing the ethereal soul (hun). Liver Xue nourishes the sinews, therefore, allowing physical exercise. The liver is often compared to an army general because it is responsible for the smooth flow of qi, essential to all physiological processes of every organ and part of the body. The hun provides the mind (Shen) with inspiration, creativity, and a sense of direction in life. The emphasis of this exercise is grasping and stretching. By reaching up to bring down Heaven and reaching down to draw up Earth grasping is encouraged; which relates to sinews and therefore the liver. Rolling through the spine stimulates both yin and yang of ren mai and du mai channels activating the microcosmic orbit. This is then completed with a slow 'stalking' forward bend and sudden shout (release of anger) as the Tiger catches its prey with vigor while standing on one leg, to stretch the sinews while activating the jing well points at the tips of the fingers, opening PC 8 and incorporating another important Wood trait

In the 1978 Hong Kong action martial arts film Spiritual Kung Fu , Jackie Chan stars as a laïc student in the legendary Shaolin Temple of South who practices wuxingquan In the Disney Channel film Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior, Shen uses statues of the Five Animals containing the spirits of five monks to train the title character. In the Kung Fu Panda franchise, supporting characters the Furious Five consist of a crane, snake, monkey, mantis, and tiger. Additionally, their predecessor Tai Lung was a leopard whose name meant "Great Dragon".