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Subgenre of adventure fiction

Subterranean fiction is a subgenre of adventure fiction, science fiction, or fantasy which focuses on fictional underground settings, sometimes at the center of the Earth or otherwise deep below the surface. The genre is based on, and has in turn influenced, the Hollow Earth theory. The earliest works in the genre were Enlightenment era philosophical or allegorical works, in which the underground setting was often largely incidental. In the late 19th century, however, more pseudoscientific or proto science fictional motifs gained prevalence. Common themes have included a depiction of the underground world as more primitive than the surface, either culturally, technologically or biologically, or in some combination thereof. The former cases usually see the setting used as a venue for sword and sorcery fiction, while the latter often features cryptids or creatures extinct on the surface, such as dinosaurs or archaic humans. A less frequent theme has the underground world much more technologically advanced than the surface one, typically either as the refugium of a lost civilization, or (more rarely) as a secret base for space aliens.

A Scrooge McDuck comic book story by Carl Barks called Land Beneath the Ground! (1956) describes an underground world populated by humanoid creatures who create earthquakes. The comics series Les Terres Creuses by Belgian comics writers Luc and François Schuiten features several hollow Earth settings. The Hellboy Universe features the Hollow Earth as a major part of its mythology. It was first introduced in the 2002 miniseries B. P. R. D.: Hollow Earth, when the team journeyed into great caverns inside the Earth where they discovered a race of people that had been artificially created by the ancient Hyperboreans. One adventure of Alan Moore's Pulp style hero Tom Strong involved a gateway into the Hollow Earth in the Arctic where Nazis had fled after World War Two only to be devoured by its inhabitants. Much of the story is spent discussing many of the varying Hollow Earth concepts mentioned above. (Tom Strong's Terrific Tales #1)
In the 1970s, comic book artist Mike Grell produced the comic book Warlord, about a pilot who finds himself in Skartaris, a sword and sorcery world reached through an opening at the North Pole. First believed to be the hollow interior of the Earth, Skartaris was later revealed to be a parallel dimension. The Marvel Comics features several underground empires in Subterranea with each one ruled by villains like the Mole Man or Tyrannus. The webcomic Overcompensating referenced Hollow Earth theories in an August 2006 strip. Super Dinosaur has shown Earth to be a planet with a planet on the inside. The webcomic Mare Internum follows the adventures of two scientists trapped in the underworld of Mars.