Шведтік крейсер «Готланд» тарихы

Swedish cruiser

HSwMS Gotland was an aircraft cruiser built for the Royal Swedish Navy during the 1930s. Completed in 1934, she was assigned to the Coastal Fleet and also served as a training ship for naval cadets in foreign waters until the beginning of World War II in 1939. During the war the ship conducted neutrality patrols and continued to serve as a training ship. Gotland was converted into an anti aircraft cruiser in 1943–1944 as her floatplanes were obsolete and modern replacements could not be purchased. After the war ended in 1945, she became a dedicated training ship and resumed making lengthy foreign cruises with cadets. The ship was converted into a fighter direction ship in 1953–1954. Gotland made one final training cruise in 1955–1956 and was reduced to reserve later that year. She was stricken from the navy list in 1960 and sold for scrap in 1962.

The Royal Swedish Navy set up a committee to assess the types of ships that the Navy would need in the future in 1925. The committee delivered its conclusions in December 1926 which included a seaplane carrier armed with six guns in single mounts with room for twelve aircraft in a hangar. Gotland had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of The ship displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship's propulsion machinery was arranged in units so that a single torpedo hit could immobilize the ship, although the presence of the aft main gun turret's magazine between the rear boiler room and its associated engine room complicated things. Four Penhoët boilers fed steam at a pressure of to a pair of de Laval geared steam turbines that each drove a single propeller shaft. The engines were rated at a total of designed to give her a speed of During her sea trials on 14 September 1934, the ship reached a speed of from Gotland carried up to of fuel oil that gave her a range of at a speed of The ship had a complement of 467 officers and ratings.

The cruiser's main battery consisted of six 55 calibre, Bofors 152 mm M/30 guns. Four of these were mounted in two twin gun turrets, one each forward and aft of the superstructure; each turret had a maximum elevation of 60 degrees to give it to give it some utility for anti aircraft work. The other two guns were mounted in casemates on the corners of the forward superstructure with a maximum elevation of 30 degrees. The guns had a rate of fire of six rounds per minute. They fired shells with a muzzle velocity of ; this gave the turreted guns a maximum range of and the casemated guns a range of Targeting data for the guns was collected by rangefinders in the fire control director on the roof of the bridge and in the aft turret. Anti aircraft defence was provided by four 60 caliber, Bofors M/26 or M/28 AA guns. Two single guns were situated on platforms between the funnels and a twin gun mount superfired over the rear 152 mm turret. The guns had a muzzle velocity of when firing their shells to their maximum range of The ship was also equipped with four 64 calibre, Bofors M/32 AA guns in single mounts located on the sides of the forward superstructure. These guns fired projectiles at 850 m/s with an effective range of Two rangefinders, one on each broadside in the forward superstructure, provided data for the AA guns. Gotland was fitted with two triple rotating mounts for 533 mm torpedo tubes abreast the aft funnel. She was also equipped with rails to lay 80–100 mines, depending on size. The aircraft were found to suffer from wave damage during rough weather. The aircraft deck was equipped with eight electric trolleys to move the aircraft to the Heinkel compressed air catapult. This was long when folded, but extended to when in use. It could launch the Ospreys once every two minutes. The aircraft were lifted onto the ship by a crane at the stern.

In 1936–1937 a twin gun mount for the 25 mm M/32 AA gun was installed on the roof of the forward main gun turret. By 1943, the Ospreys were worn out, and Sweden could not afford to design and build more modern replacements. Furthermore, aircraft performance had greatly improved since the Ospreys had been designed in the early 1930s and land based aircraft were now easily capable of covering the entire Baltic Sea. Gotland was therefore converted in 1943–1944 to an anti aircraft cruiser. This involved the removal of the catapult, aircraft handling gear and crane; the aircraft deck was extended forward to cover the area where the catapult had been. Four twin gun mounts for 56 calibre M/36 AA guns were installed on the former aircraft deck. The two forward mounts were positioned on the broadside while the two aft mounts were located on the centreline. Between the 40 mm guns and the aft 152 mm gun turret, a pair of twin gun mounts for 70 calibre M40 AA guns were positioned, also positioned on each broadside. In 1953–1954 Gotland was modified as a fighter direction ship to serve as a mobile fighter control center. To this end she was fitted with a British Type 293 early warning radar. Her anti aircraft suite was upgraded as all of her 75 mm, 25 mm and 20 mm guns were removed, except for the twin gun M32 mount on the forward turret, and she received five single 70 calibre 40 mm M48 guns in their place. The existing M36 40 mm guns were also exchanged for M48 models. Several British Type 262 gunnery radars were added to control the light AA guns. To compensate for the additional weight, the casemated 152 mm guns and the 4 metre rangefinders were removed. The ship also received a British Type 144 ASDIC system. These changes reduced her crew size to 401 officers and ratings. The ship was laid down at the latter company's shipyard in Gothenburg later that year, launched on 14 September 1933 and commissioned on 5 December 1934. She then became the flagship of the Coastal Fleet's Scouting Squadron. Gotland began serving as a cadet training ship during the cold weather months beginning in 1935, although she continued to serve with the Coastal Fleet for the rest of the year. Gotland continued to serve with the Coastal Fleet conducting neutrality patrols during the war while also continuing to train cadets. In May 1941 one of Gotlands Ospreys sighted the German battleship Bismarck and the heavy cruiser German cruiser Prinz Eugen during a gunnery training exercise when they broke out of the Kattegat between Denmark and Norway. The sighting was reported to Royal Swedish Navy headquarters. The report was leaked to the British naval attaché in Stockholm, who forwarded it to the British Admiralty, triggering the Battle of the Denmark Strait and the pursuit of the battleship. From late 1943 to April 1944, Gotland was converted into an anti aircraft cruiser. After the war the ship served as the flagship of the Naval War School Department and resumed making cadet cruises during the cold weather months. In addition to the pre war destinations, she also visited various ports in the Mediterranean, British Kenya, South Africa and North America. Escorted by the destroyers and , Gotland made
a trip to France and the United Kingdom from 29 April to 11 June 1947 where they visited Le Havre, Lyme Bay, Torquay, Glasgow and Oban. The ship also transported cadets to the annual Nordic Naval Cadet Meeting where they trained with minesweepers in 1949–1952. In that last year, Gotland was accompanied by the destroyer The cruiser and the destroyers and escorted a group of minesweepers to Tønsberg, Norway, and Antwerp, Belgium, from 24 May to 12 June 1953. and stricken from the navy list on 1 July 1960. Gotland was sold for scrap on 1 April 1962 and broken up at Ystad, Sweden, the next year.