Бузияш: Банаттың інжуы және емдік суларының тарихы

Buziaș (also known as Băile Buziaș or Buziaș Băi; Buziásfürdő; Busiasch) is a town in Timiș County, Romania. Thanks to its healing springs, it was once one of the most famous bathing places in Hungary and then in Romania; it has appeared in several international catalogs and has often been referred to as the "Pearl of Banat" or the "Bad Nauheim of Banat". Called Ahibis by the Romans, Buziaș was first mentioned by Charles I of Hungary in a document from 1321. Until the early 19th century, it was an insignificant village away from the main routes. It owes its reputation to the healing effects of local mineral springs, which were first analyzed in 1811. In 1911 it was officially declared a spa resort of national interest. It administers two villages: Bacova and Silagiu.

Buziaș is located in western Romania, about from Timișoara and from Lugoj, being connected to both by county road DJ592 and the Timișoara–Buziaș–Lugoj railway. The town lies on the upper terrace of the Timiș River, at the contact between the Eastern Banat Plain and the Banat Hills. Buziaș has an area of and borders Racovița to the north, Darova and Boldur to the east, Chevereșu Mare and Nițchidorf to the west, and Caraș Severin County to the south.

From the second half of the 19th century, Buziaș was characterized by a lively cultural life. A printing house was founded in 1881, where a local newspaper was printed in German between 1892 and 1897, and in Hungarian between 1901 and 1915. In addition to these, several other prints by awarded beekeeper Miklós Grand were published here. The town has two museums. Opened in 1987 in the former Gorjup villa next to the park, the Buziaș Balneary Museum (Muzeul Balnear Buziaș) contains a collection of photomontages illustrating the history of Buziaș, Neolithic vessels, and Thracian pottery, furniture from the 19th century and sanitary objects once used in spas. Also in the 1980s, the Iuliana Folea Troceanu Ethnographic Museum opened in an old farmhouse on Șaguna Street, where nearly five hundred Romanian folk art objects from the Buziaș area can be seen. Documents from 1871 mention the existence of eight water sources, of which three drinking springs and five bathing springs. The first drilling, about deep, took place three years later, in 1874. Due to the very good results, the first thermal water pool, called Notatoriul, was built, while the amount of bottled water reached at 15,000 bottles a year. Until 1875, the water from Buziaș came to be sold in Timișoara, Lugoj, Sibiu, Caransebeș, Budapest, and Novi Sad. In 1893 the resort was bought by Budapest manufacturer Erwin Scottola, who developed the trade with bottled mineral water by introducing porcelain stoppers with rubber lining. In 1906 the resort was acquired by manufacturer Jacob Muschong and remained in the possession of the Muschong Patianski family until its nationalization, in 1948. Also in 1906, construction began on the mineral water plant, which was inaugurated on 23 July 1907, under the name Phönix. The factory had an area of , 36 employees, and a bottling capacity of 1.5 million bottles per year. The plant has weathered the regime change, but closed in early 2014 due to declining demand and lagging technology. The agricultural land of the town is nearly in size. The main local crops are corn, wheat and sunflowers. There are vineyards and orchards on the Silagiu Hills. Vineyards were mentioned as early as 1825, but wine production did not flourish until the second half of the 19th century, after the Swabians in Bacova began cultivating the vineyards. It also had a significant apiary, and the Beekeepers' Association of Southern Hungary (Délmagyarországi Méhészegylet) was established here in 1873. In the second half of the 20th century, forced industrialization, typical of communism, took place; Electromotor, Modern, TCMT, and Garofița factories, among others, were built at that time. After the Romanian Revolution of December 1989, most factories closed down after unsuccessful privatization; moreover, more than 80% of companies established after 1989 went bankrupt by 2015. Due to the high land prices in Timișoara in the 2010s, more and more industrial companies moved to Buziaș, creating new job opportunities. In 2015, trade accounted for 31% of the town's total turnover, agriculture for 23%, construction for 22%, industry for 15%, and tourism and services for 9%.