Хилверсум қаласы: Голландияның медиа орталығы

Hilversum is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe, and the Amsterdam metropolitan area; it is about 22 km southeast of Amsterdam's city centre and about 15 km north of Utrecht. The city is home to the headquarters, studios and broadcast stations of several major radio, television and newspaper companies such as Nederlandse Omroep Stichting. Hilversum is thus known for being the mediastad (media city) of the Netherlands.

Hilversum lies south east of Amsterdam and north of Utrecht. The town is known for its architecturally important Town Hall (Raadhuis Hilversum), designed by Willem Marinus Dudok and built in 1931. Hilversum has one public library, two swimming pools (Van Hellemond Sport and De Lieberg), a number of sports halls, and several shopping centers (such as Hilvertshof, Winkelcentrum Kerkelanden, De Riebeeckgalerij, and Winkelcentrum Seinhorst). Locally, the town center is known as het dorp, which means "the village".

Hilversum is located on the sandy, hilly parts of the Gooi, and has four hills: the closest to the centre of town in the Boomberg. Then the Trompenberg (now a luxury residential area where, among others, the Brenninkmeijer family live, of C&A fame), and to the south the Hoorneboeg (25 m) and two kilometres easterly of that the Zwaluwenberg, where since 1950 the headquarters of the inspector general of the armies is located. These hills date from the period of the Ice age, when gletschers pushed walls of earth before them. Hilversum was the farthest southern edge the glaciers reached. Surrounding towns are Nieuw Loosdrecht, Bussum, Kortenhoef, Blaricum, Hollandsche Rading, Lage Vuursche, Maartensdijk, 's Graveland, Laren, Nederhorst den Berg and Ankeveen. Hilversum consists of the following districts and neighborhoods: Center (Langgewenstbuurt, Sint Vitusbuurt, Havenstraatbuurt and Centrum), Northwest (Nimrodpark, Trompenberg North, Trompenberg South, Media Park, Raadhuiskwartier and Boomberg), Northeast (North, Johannes Geradtswegbuurt, Erfgooiersbuurt and AZC Crailo), East (Geuzenbuurt, Electrobuurt, Astronomiebuurt, Science neighborhood, Kamrad, Kleine Driftbuurt and Liebergen), Southeast (Bloemkwartier Noord, Bloemenkwartier Zuid, Painterskwartier, 't Hoogt van' t Kruis, Arenaparkkwartier and West Indiëkwartier), Zuid (Writerskwartier, Staatsliedenkwartier and Zeeheldenkwartier), Southwest ( Kerkelanden, Havenkwartier, Zeverijn and Het Rode Dorp) and Hilversumse Meent. In 1767 Hilversum was still divided into 4 districts (quarters): the Neuquartier, Groestquartier, Kerkquartier and the Sandtbergerquartier. The Oude Haven in the southwest is at the end of the Gooische Vaart. The construction of the canal between 's Graveland and Hilversum was done in stages over 240 years. The canal was completed in 1876. Later, a modern harbor was dug, surrounded by an industrial estate. There is also a leisure harbor.

Hilversum has a variety of international schools, such as the Violenschool and International School Hilversum "Alberdingk Thijm". Also, Nike's, Hunkemöller's and Converse's European headquarters are located in Hilversum.

Earthenware found in Hilversum gives its name to the Hilversum culture, which is an early to mid Bronze Age, or 1800–1200 BC material culture. Artifacts from this prehistoric civilization bear similarities to the Wessex Culture of southern Britain and may indicate that the first Hilversum residents emigrated from that area. The first brick settlements formed around 900, but it was not until 1305 that the first official mention of Hilversum ("Hilfersheem" from "Hilvertshem" meaning "houses between the hills") is found. At that point it was a part of Naarden, the oldest town in the Gooi area. Farming, raising sheep and some wool manufacturing were the means of life for the Gooi in the Middle Ages. In 1424 Hilversum received its first official independent status. This made possible further growth in the village because permission from Naarden was no longer needed for new industrial development. The town grew further in the 17th century when the Dutch economy as a whole entered its age of prosperity, and several canals were built connecting it indirectly to Amsterdam. In 1725 and 1766 large fires destroyed most of the town, leveling parts of the old townhouse and the church next to it. The town overcame these setbacks and the textile industry continued to develop, among other ways by devising a way to weave cows' hair. In the 19th century a substantial textile and tapestry industry emerged, aided by a railway link to Amsterdam in 1874. From that time the town grew quickly with rich commuters from Amsterdam moving in, building themselves large villas in the wooded surroundings, and gradually starting to live in Hilversum permanently. Despite this growth, Hilversum was never granted city rights so it is still referred to by many locals as "het dorp", or "the village." For the 1928 Summer Olympics in neighboring Amsterdam, it hosted all of the non jumping equestrian and the running part of the modern pentathlon event. The Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF) company established a professional transmitter and radio factory in Hilversum in the early 1920s, growing into the largest of its kind in the Netherlands. Following the defeat of Allied forces in the Netherlands in 1940, and its occupation by Nazi Germany, Hilversum became the headquarters of the German Army (Heer) in the Netherlands. On February 25 and 26, 1941, most of Hilversum's factories went on strike against the start of the Holocaust in the so called February strike (Amsterdam Docker's Strike). Some 10,000 people took part. The Holocaust took the lives of 2,000 Hilversum Jews and the community never fully recovered. Since 2015 there has been an annual remembrance service. Some 50 Hilversummers were awarded the title of Righteous among the nations from Yad Vashem, including Victor Kugler, one of Anne Frank's helpers. In 1948, NSF was taken over by Philips. However, Dutch radio broadcasting organizations (followed by television broadcasters during the 1950s) centralised their operations in Hilversum, providing a source of continuing economic growth. The concentration of broadcasters in Hilversum has given it its enduring status as the media city for the Netherlands. In 1964, the population reached a record high of over 103,000. However, the textile industry had started its decline; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close. Another major industry, the chemical factory IFF, also closed by the end of the 1960s. After the 1960s, the population gradually declined, until stabilising at around 86,000 in 2006 and rising to 90,000 in 2018. Several factors other than the slump in manufacturing contributed to this decline: one is the reduction in average family size, with fewer people living in each house; second, the town is virtually unable to expand because much surrounding land was sold by city architect W. M. Dudok to the Goois Natuurreservaat (nl); third, the rapid increase in property values forced many people to move to less expensive areas in the Netherlands. Hilversum was one of the first towns to have a local party of the populist movement called Leefbaar ("liveable"). Founded by former social democrat Jan Nagel, it was initially held at bay for alderman positions. In 2001, Nagel from Leefbaar Hilversum teamed up with Leefbaar Utrecht leaders to found a national Leefbaar Nederland party. The town has undertaken many improvements, including renovating its central train station, renovation of the main shopping centre (Hilvertshof), and development of new dining and retail districts downtown including the "vintage" district in the Leeuwenstraat. Several notable architectural accomplishments include the Institute for Sound and Vision, and Zanderij Crailoo (nl), the largest man made wildlife crossing in the world. The nearby Media Park was the scene of the 2002 assassination of politician Pim Fortuyn; in 2015, a gunman carrying a false pistol stormed into Nederlandse Omroep Stichting's headquarters, demanding airtime on the evening news.

There is the large Catholic neo gothic St. Vitus church (P. J. H. Cuypers, 1892, bell tower 96 metres; 315'). The city played host to many landscape artists during the 19th century, including Barend Cornelis Koekkoek. In the 1950s and 1960s the city played host to a major European Tennis tournament. The 1958 Eurovision Song Contest took place in Hilversum. In 2020 the international television event Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light was broadcast from Studio 21 in Hilversum's Media Park. This event was held in place of the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 which was cancelled due to the COVID 19 pandemic.

Hilversum Airport is located in the southwest of the municipality. Next to it is the former Marine Training Camp (MOK), now Corporal Van Oudheusden Barracks for the medical troops. In wartime the airfield was expanded significantly by the German military. They also set up an assembly line for training aircraft, produced by Fokker in Weesp.

Hilversum is well connected to the Dutch railway network, and has three stations. Station Notes Hilversum Opened on 10 June 1874. Served by regional, Intercity and international trains. Hilversum Media Park Opened on 26 May 1974. Previously named Hilversum NOS (1974 1989) and Hilversum Noord (1989 2013). Only served by regional trains. Hilversum Sportpark Opened on 1 June 1886. Previously named Amersfoortsche Straatweg (1886 1919) and Soestdijker Straatweg (1919 1965). Only served by regional trains.

Most local and regional buses are operated by Connexxion, but two of the bus routes are operated by Syntus Utrecht and two others by U OV and Pouw Vervoer. Regional bus route 320 is operated by both Connexxion and Pouw Vervoer. In 2018, major road works started to make room for a new BRT bus lane from Hilversum to Huizen, set to open in early 2021.

Line Route Operator Notes 58 Hilversum Station Hollandsche Rading Maartensdijk Bilthoven De Bilt Zeist U OV and Pouw Vervoer Mon Sat during daytime hours only. U OV operates this route during weekdays, Pouw Vervoer on Saturdays. 59 Hilversum Station Lage Vuursche Den Dolder Huis ter Heide Zeist U OV and Pouw Vervoer Mon Sat during daytime hours only. U OV operates this route during weekdays, Pouw Vervoer on Saturdays. 70 Amersfoort Station Soest Zuid Soest Overhees Soestdijk Noord Hooge Vuursche Hilversum Station Syntus Utrecht; a few runs are operated by Pouw Vervoer and Van Kooten 100 (Hilversum Station ) Blaricum Bijvanck Huizen Naarden Bussum Station Connexxion The route between Hilversum and Blaricum is only served during weekday daytime hours. 104 Hilversum Station Hilversum Zuid Nieuw Loosdrecht Connexxion 105 Hilversum Station Kortenhoef 's Graveland Hilversumse Meent Naarden Bussum Station Connexxion 106 (Hilversum Station Kortenhoef ) Nederhorst den Berg Weesp Station Connexxion Mon Sat only. Only runs through from Nederhorst den Berg to Hilversum Mon Fri during daytime hours. 107 Hilversum Station Hilversum Mediapark Bussum Blaricum Ziekenhuis (Hospital) Connexxion 108 Hilversum Station Laren Blaricum Dorp Huizen Connexxion 109 Hilversum Station Eemnes Laren Blaricum Ziekenhuis (Hospital) Naarden Bussum Station Connexxion 121 Hilversum Station Oud Loosdrecht Loenen aan de Vecht Vinkeveen Wilnis Mijdrecht Syntus Utrecht Mon Sat during daytime hours only. Only runs between Hilversum and Vinkeveen, Groenlandsekade on Saturdays. 320 Hilversum Station Hilversum Arenapark Blaricum Bijvanck Huizen Blaricum Ziekenhuis (Hospital) Naarden Gooimeer Muiden P+R Amsterdam Amstel Station Connexxion and Pouw Vervoer During weekday daytime hours, Saturday mornings and Sunday evenings, some buses only run between Hilversum and Huizen. During morning rush hours, 4 extra buses run between Hilversum Station and Hilversum Arenapark. N32 Hilversum Station → Eemnes → Blaricum Bijvanck → Huizen Pouw Vervoer Only runs during Saturday late nights (between midnight and 5 AM).

After the 2022 elections, the municipal government was made up of aldermen from the political parties Hart voor Hilversum, VVD, GroenLinks and CDA. The mayor is Gerhard van den Top. Hart voor Hilversum, a local party, is the largest group on the council. Originally a part of Leefbaar Hilversum, it separated to form a party called DLPH, which won 1 seat in the 2006 elections. In 2006 leadership was taken over by Léonie Sazias, a TV celebrity. She later changed the party name to Hart voor Hilversum. They won 3 seats in the 2010 elections, 6 in 2014 and 8 in both 2018 and 2022.