Мысыр Фараоны: Амиртай Сэйстің билеуі (404-399 жж.)

Egyptian Pharaoh from 404 to 399 BC

Amyrtaeus of Sais (Ἀμυρταῖος , a Hellenization of the original Egyptian name Amenirdisu) is the only pharaoh of the Twenty eighth Dynasty of Egypt and is thought to be related to the royal family of the Twenty sixth Dynasty (664–525 BC). He ended the first Persian occupation of Egypt (i. e. the Twenty seventh Dynasty: 525–404 BC) and reigned from 404 BC to 399 BC. Amyrtaeus' successful insurrection inaugurated Egypt's last significant phase of independence under native sovereigns, which lasted for about 60 years until the Persians conquered the country again.

Before assuming the throne of Egypt, Amyrtaeus had revolted against the Persian King Darius II (423–404 BC) as early as 411 BC, leading a guerrilla action in the western Nile Delta around his home city of Sais. The Elephantine papyri also demonstrate that between 404 and 400 BC (or even 398 BC) Upper Egypt remained under Persian control, while the forces of Amyrtaeus dominated the Delta. In 1st century BC, the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus wrote in his Bibliotheca historica (XIV, 35.3–5) that a King named Psamtik — which seems to be identified with Amyrtaeus, If the information was correct, Amyrtaeus would seem to have acted in this way to ingratiate himself with Artaxerxes II. and executed at Memphis, an event which the Aramaic papyrus Brooklyn 13 implies occurred in October 399 BC. Nepherites I then transferred the capital to Mendes (Lower Egypt). There is no further information available regarding Amyrtaeus' rule, fall and death. Nepherites I reigned until 393 BC, being succeeded by his designated heir, his son Hakor.