Сербиядағы Зича монастырының тарихы мен маңызы

Tourism in Serbia

The Žiča Monastery (, or ) is an early 13th century Serbian Orthodox monastery near Kraljevo, Serbia. The monastery, together with the Church of the Holy Dormition, was built by the first King of Serbia, Stefan the First Crowned and the first Head of the Serbian Church, Saint Sava. Žiča was the seat of the Archbishop (1219–1253), and by tradition the coronational church of the Serbian kings, although a king could be crowned in any Serbian church, he was never considered a true king until he was anointed in Žiča. Žiča was declared a Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by Serbia. In 2008, Žiča celebrated 800 years of existence.

The Serbs were initially under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Ohrid, under the tutelage of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Rastko Nemanjić, the son of Stefan Nemanja, ruled as Grand Prince of Hum 1190 1192, previously held by Grand Prince Miroslav. In the autumn of 1192 (or shortly thereafter)

Rastko joined Russian monks and traveled to Mount Athos where he took monastic vows and spent several years. In 1195, his father joined him, and together they founded the Chilandar, as the base of Serbian religion. Rastko's father died in Hilandar on 13 February 1199; he was later canonised, as Saint Simeon. Stefan the First Crowned аlsо ordered that the future Serbian kings аrе tо be crowned at Žičа.

In 1219, the Serbian Church gains autocephaly, by Emperor Theodore I Laskaris and Patriarch Manuel I of Constantinople, and Archimandrite Sava becomes the first Serbian Archbishop. In 1221, a synod was held in the Monastery of Žiča, condemning Bogomilism. The Serbian primates had since moved between the two. In 1289 90, the chief treasures of the ruined monastery, including the remains of Saint Jevstatije I, were transferred to Peć. In 1219, Žiča became the first seat of the Serbian Archbishopic. The church, dedicated to the Ascension of Our Lord, displays the features of the Raska school. The ground plan is shaped as a spacious nave with a large apse at its eastern end. The central space is domed. The church was built of stone and brick. Architecturally, the Byzantine spirit prevails. There are three layers of painting, each being a separate entity. The earliest frescoes were painted immediately after the first archbishop Sava's return from Nicaea (1219), but only in the choir portions of these have been preserved. Sometime between 1276 92 the Cumans burned the monastery, and King Stefan Milutin renovated it in 1292 1309, during the office of Jevstatije II. During the Uprising in Serbia in 1941, the first skirmishes within the Siege of Kraljevo began in the early afternoon on 9 October 1941 near Monastery of Žiča when the Chetnik unit commanded by Milutin Janković attacked German unit which retreated to Kraljevo after a whole day battle in which Germans used canons to shell the monastery. On 10 October German air forces bombarded the Monastery of Žiča using five airplanes and significantly damaged its church. The battle near monastery lasted until early morning of 11 October when Germans broke the rebel lines and put the monastery to fire.

Frescoes depicting Pantocrator.