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5 students from Japan who travelled to University College London

The Chōshū Five (長州五傑) were members of the Chōshū han of western Japan who travelled to England in 1863 to study at University College London. The five students were the first of many successive groups of Japanese students who travelled overseas in the late Bakumatsu and early Meiji eras. All five students later rose to prominent positions in Japanese political and civil life.

The Chōshū han, based what is now known as Yamaguchi Prefecture, was eager to acquire better knowledge of the western nations and gain access to military technology in order to strengthen the domain in its struggle to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. The decision by Chōshū han elders to sponsor five promising students to study overseas came in the midst of growing domestic political tensions and in the wake of reports from the First Japanese Embassy to Europe that had returned in January 1863. Notably, two of the students chosen, Ito Shunsuke and Inoue Monta, were students of the intellectual Yoshida Shōin—who was previously imprisoned by the domain authorities, then executed by the Shogunate in 1859 for attempting to communicate with Matthew C. Perry (as well as launching an abortive revolt against Ii Naosuke). This shift in policy coincided with the rise of their fellow students of Yoshida in Chōshū han administration (Katsura Kogoro and Takasugi Shinsaku—leader of the anti Bakufu Kiheitai, respectively). At the time of the students’ departure it was still illegal to leave Japan and travel overseas due to the shogunate's maritime seclusion policy (sakoku or, as it was known at the time, kaikin). If they were caught, they likely would have been put to death. This policy was only finally abolished in 1866. The students were aware of the risks and wrote to the governing council of their domain to say that if they failed with their intention they "had not the slightest intention of coming back alive". Name Image Note Itō Shunsuke 伊藤 博文 (1841 1909) Later named Itō Hirobumi. First Prime Minister of Japan Inoue Monta 井上 馨 (1836 1915) Later named Inoue Kaoru. Minister of Foreign Affairs Yamao Yōzō 山尾 庸三 (1837 1917) Later created the Ministry of Public Works Endō Kinsuke 遠藤 謹助 (1836 1893) Later served as the head of the National Mint in Osaka Nomura Yakichi 井上 勝 (1843 1910) Later named Inoue Masaru. Known as the 'Father of Japanese Railways'.

With the support of Nagasaki based trader Thomas Blake Glover, arrangements were made through his local agent, a Mr. Weigal, to secure passage for the five students on one of the many British trading ships calling at the port of Yokohama. The Chōshū students disguised as English sailors were put aboard the Jardine, Matheson & Co. vessel Chelswick for 1000 ryō each with the reluctant agreement of the ship's captain, J. S. Gower. In order to pay for the voyage, Inoue had to borrow 5,000 ryō from the Chōshū han.

Pegasus reached London on 4 November 1863, Whiteadder arriving three days later on the 7th. The reunited Chōshū students were introduced by Hugh Matheson, senior partner of Matheson and Company to Dr. Alexander Williamson, FRS, Professor of Chemistry at University College, London. Itō Hirobumi, Endō Kinsuke and Inoue Masaru lodged at the Camden home of Professor Williamson and his family, while Inoue Kaoru and Yamao Yōzō lodged at 103 Gower Street with the Coopers adjacent to the university campus. He returned to Japan in 1868, the same year that the final member of the Choshū Five, Inoue, went back.

2013 was the 150th anniversary of the Chōshū Five departing Japan to commence studies at University College London (UCL). There were several commemorative events held in both Japan and the United Kingdom to mark this event. In July, there was a celebration hosted by UCL at the main campus with participation from representatives of the Japan embassy in London.

On 1 May 2014 Japan's Prime Minister Shinzō Abe paid a courtesy visit to UCL and the monument of the Chōshū Five there.