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Locations visited by the Israelites following their exodus from Egypt, according to Numbers 33

The Stations of the Exodus are the locations visited by the Israelites following their exodus from Egypt, according to the Hebrew Bible. In the itinerary given in Numbers 33, forty two stations are listed, although this list differs slightly from the narrative account of the journey found in Exodus and Deuteronomy. Biblical commentators like St Jerome in his Epistle to Fabiola, Bede (Letter to Acca: "De Mansionibus Filiorum Israhel") and St Peter Damian discussed the Stations according to the Hebrew meanings of their names. Dante modeled the 42 chapters of his Vita Nuova on them.

Attempting to locate many of the stations of the Israelite Exodus is a difficult task, if not infeasible. Though most scholars concede that the narrative of the Exodus may have a historical basis, the event in question would have borne little resemblance to the mass emigration and subsequent forty years of desert nomadism described in the biblical account. If a smaller scale exodus did take place, no trace of it has been found in the archaeological record, so archaeology can give no clues as to the modern day locations of the stations. Another factor complicating the issue is that the narrative descriptions of many of the stations lack recognizable distinguishing features, or are very broadly defined. For example, Marah, the fifth station, is described only as a place where the Israelites found the drinking water to be exceptionally bitter. The locations of some stations are given in relative terms, such as the "Wilderness of Sin", which is simply described as the area between Elim and Mount Sinai, which, given the uncertain locations of the numerous stations, cannot be positively determined. Other locations central to the narrative, such as the Sea of Reeds, Mount Sinai, and Raamses, also lack positive identification, making it more difficult to plot a plausible map of the Israelites' journey. As such, proposed identifications of the stations of the Exodus are almost entirely conjectural.

Station Biblical reference Description Possible location Raamses Ex. 12:37; Nu. 33:3 The Raamses district was of the highest quality land in Egypt (Ge. 47:11) Pi Ramesses Sukkoth Ex. 12:37, 13:20; Nu. 33:5–6 The region of Wadi Tumilat, or a city within the region, such as Tell el Maskhuta Etham Ex. 13:20; Nu. 33:6–8 "On the edge of the wilderness" Unknown, but possibly close to modern Ismailia Pi Hahiroth Ex. 14:2; Nu. 33:7–8 "Between Migdol and the sea, opposite Ba'al Zephon" Marah Ex. 15:23; Nu. 33:8–9 A place where the water was too bitter to drink Ain Hawarah, fifty miles south of Suez Elim Ex. 15:27, 16:1; Nu. 33:9–10 "Where there were twelve springs and seventy palm trees" Wadi Gharandel By the Red Sea Nu. 33:10–11 Sin Wilderness Ex. 16:1, 17:1; Nu. 33:11–12 Between Elim and Mount Sinai; here God supplies quail and manna Dophkah Nu. 33:12–13 Alush Nu. 33:13–14 Rephidim Ex. 17:1, 19:2; Nu. 33:14–15 Moses brings forth water from the Rock of Horeb; the Israelites battle the Amalekites Wadi Refayid Sinai Wilderness Ex. 19:1–2; Nu. 10:12, 33:15–16 Near Mount Sinai Kibroth Hattaavah Nu. 11:35, 33:16–17 Hazeroth Nu. 11:35, 12:16, 33:17–18 Miriam is afflicted with a skin disease Rithmah Nu. 33:18–19 Rimmon Perez Nu. 33:19–20 Libnah Nu. 33:20–21 Rissah Nu. 33:21–22 Kehelathah Nu. 33:22–23 Mount Shapher Nu. 33:23–24 Haradah Nu. 33:24–25 Makheloth Nu. 33:25–26 Tahath Nu. 33:26–27 Terah Nu. 33:27–28 Mithcah Nu. 33:28–29 Hashmonah Nu. 33:29–30 Moseroth Nu. 33:30–31; Dt. 10:6 Aaron's burial place according to Deuteronomy Bene Jaakan Nu. 33:31–32 Hor Haggidgad Nu. 33:32–33 Jotbathah Nu. 33:33–34 Abronah Nu. 33:34–35 Ezion Geber Nu. 33:35–36 Tell el Kheleifeh Kadesh Nu. 20:1,22, 33:36–37 Located in the Wilderness of Zin; Miriam's burial place Tell el Qudeirat Mount Hor Nu. 20:22, 21:4, 33:37–41 On the border of Edom; Aaron's burial place according to Numbers Zalmonah Nu. 33:41–42 Punon Nu. 33:42–43 Khirbat Faynan Oboth Nu. 21:10–11, 33:43–44 Iye Abarim Nu. 21:11, 33:44–45 On the border of Moab Dibon Gad Nu. 33:45–46 Dhiban, Jordan Almon Diblathaim Nu. 33:46–47 Abarim Mountains Nu. 33:47–48 The Israelites encamped near Mount Nebo Plains of Moab Nu. 22:1, 33:48–50 The Israelites encamped along the Jordan River from Beth jeshimoth to Abel shittim Lower Jordan Valley, between Sweimeh and Tell el Hammam, Jordan