Автоматты беріліс сұйықтығының Dexron техникалық талаптары

Trade name for a group of technical specifications for automatic transmission fluid

Dexron is the trade name for a group of technical specifications for automatic transmission fluid (ATF) created by General Motors (GM). The name was first registered as a trademark and later evolved into a brand of GM. GM licenses the name and specifications to companies that manufacture the fluid and sell it under their own brand names. Not all Dexron fluids are licensed by GM for reselling under another brand name. To be licensed, the product must have a license number that begins with the letters B through J and include a "Dexron Approved" sticker on its container. Like many automobile manufacturers, GM uses transmissions sourced from other suppliers or transmission manufacturers around the world; many of these may use their own unique fluid. Originally, the Dexron name was associated exclusively with automatic transmission fluids, though GM later released Dexron gear oils and other lubricants under the Dexron brand.

The original Dexron (B) transmission fluid was introduced on April 1, 1967. Over the years, the original Dexron (B) was supplanted by Dexron II (C), Dexron II (D), Dexron II (E), Dexron III (F), Dexron III (G), Dexron III (H), Dexron VI (J), Dexron HP, Dexron LV ATF HP, and Dexron ULV, which is the latest fluid to date. GM has upgraded the Dexron's specifications over time. The newer fluids are not always backward compatible with previous fluids. Newer 6, 8, 9, and 10 speed transmissions, as well as plug in hybrid (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV) transmission technologies, require specialized fluids to operate properly. There remains a market for older fluids that claim to meet the earlier fluid specifications. See the details below for the backward compatibility of each fluid.

The automatic safety transmission was first offered as an extra cost option by the Oldsmobile Division of GM in the fall of 1937 for their Six and Eight models. It was only used during the 1938 and 1939 model years. The automatic safety transmission used the same seasonal grade of motor oil as the engine for lubrication and hydraulic functions. The Automatic Safety Transmission was a four speed transmission that could shift powerfully without needing a regular clutch. The transmission was called the Automatic Safety Transmission (AST) because the clutch operation was reduced to one third of that required by a conventional transmission. The clutch was only necessary when starting or stopping the car. The AST had two driving ranges (low and high). In low range, the transmission would shift from 1st to 2nd gear and then hold in 2nd. In high range, the transmission would start in 1st gear, jump to 3rd, then shift to 4th gear. The driver could change ranges with a flick of a finger.

Released in 1939, the 1940–1949 GM Hydra Matic Drive was used by the Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Pontiac divisions. The Hydra Matic Drive used a specialized lubricant called GM Transmission Fluid No. 1. By using the term "fluid" rather than "oil," they hoped to discourage the previously accepted practice of using SAE 20 engine oil. This fluid was composed of a Group 1 base oil and additives to reduce oxidation, foaming, rust, corrosion, varnish, and sludge buildup. This was the world's first automatic transmission fluid, designed for the world's first mass produced automatic transmission. This fluid had cold weather performance problems, which led to the need for an improved fluid, the Type "A" fluid, in 1949. The Hydra Matic drive fluid was only available at GM dealerships. As a result, regular SAE 20 engine oil was being used in its place at filling stations and repair garages. Engine oil was only approved as a temporary fill fluid and led to transmission problems.

The original Dexron (B) fluid, as well as earlier GM transmission fluids, used sperm whale oil as an additive to coat internal transmission parts to prevent corrosion and rust. The U. S. Endangered Species Act banned the import of sperm whale oil, so the Dexron (B) fluid additive package had to be reformulated. In 1973, GM introduced Dexron II(C) (GM Spec GM6032M). Dexron II(C) was composed of a more stable, less reactive, hydrocracked Group 2 base oil plus a revised additive package with corrosion and rust inhibitors such as jojoba oil; however, the additive package caused problems with corrosion prone solder in a relatively small number of GM's transmission fluid coolers. After discovering the corrosion problem, GM updated the fluid specification again and released Dexron II(D) in 1975. GM Dexron II(C) licensed products have a license number on the container that begins with the letter C. Example: C 20109. This was the first GM ATF to advertise 50,000 miles between changes. This fluid is backward compatible with all previous Dexron fluids as well as the Type "A" Suffix "A", and the Type "A" fluids produced from 1949 to 1966.

Released in December 1998, GM's Dexron III (G) specification (GM6417M) was a synthetic blend automatic transmission fluid, specially developed to address the VCCC shuddering issue. It is also suitable for power steering systems, some hydraulic systems, and rotary air compressors where excellent low temperature fluidity is required. GM Dexron III (G) licensed products have a license number on the can that begins with the letter G. Example: G 30001. This fluid is backward compatible with all previous Dexron fluids as well as the Type "A" suffix "A" and the Type "A" fluids produced from 1949 to 1966.

Introduced in 2003, GM's Dexron III (H) specification (GMN 10055) replaced III (G). The H is an additive package for an updated friction modifier and with an oxidatively stable base oil (group 2). Oils according to this specification have longer maintenance of friction properties and anti shudder properties, better foam control, and a longer fluid life. universal for all automatic transmissions with and without controlled torque converter lockup clutch, the so called GKÜB for gear clutch lock. GM Dexron III (H) licensed products prior to 2011 had a license number on the can that began with the letter H. Example: H 30001. Notice: This fluid specification and licensing program was inactivated in March 2011. The ATF Type III (H) fluid shown in the photograph is ACDelco's non licensed fluid, which is used to support older transmissions that still required the Dexron III (H) fluid. This fluid is backward compatible with all previous Dexron fluids as well as the Type "A" suffix "A" and the Type "A" fluids produced from 1949 to 1966. Notice 2: The fluid on ELF is FluidMatic D3.

The fluid specification for Dexron ULV (ultra low viscosity) was introduced on January 2, 2014. Dexron ULV is composed of a Group 3+ base oil and additives needed for the proper operation of the 2017 and above GM 10L90 and the Ford 10R80 10 Speed rear wheel drive automatic transmission. This transmission and the transmission fluid specification were co developed by Ford and GM. The current specification that defines the fluid is Ford WSS M2C949 A. This fluid is also marketed as Mercon ULV. The quart containers of Dexron ULV must be shaken to stir up the additives before pouring. This fluid is not backward compatible with any previous fluids. This fluid was first used in the 2017 10L90 10 Speed Automatic Transmission.

In 2016, a new fluid specification for a "Dexron Approved" Mobil 1 Synthetic LV ATF HP was introduced in GM Technical Service Bulletin 16 NA 175. The revision was to help correct a torque converter clutch shudder in the GM 8L90, 8L80, and 8L45 automatic transmissions. Dexron LV ATF HP is made by Mobil and is marketed as Mobil 1 LV ATF HP. Dexron LV ATF HP is composed of a poly alpha olefin (PAO) Group IV base oil and additives developed by Afton Chemical needed for the proper operation of the 2015 and above GM 8L90 8 Speed rear wheel drive automatic transmission. The current GM specification that defines the fluid is GMW16974 (2nd Edition, May 2017).

On August 1, 2016, GM released the Dexron III (K) fluid specification (GM Spec GMW17639) as a fluid to support older GM manual transmissions and power steering systems requiring the previously discontinued Dexron III (H) fluid. Warning: The additive package for automatic transmissions has been removed from this fluid; do not use it in any automatic transmission.

On October 1, 2018, a special fluid specification (GMNA 9986555) was introduced for a revised "Dexron Approved" Mobil 1 Synthetic LV ATF HP. This revised fluid was introduced in GM Technical Service Bulletin 18 NA 355 in December 2018. The revision is to help correct a torque converter clutch shudder in the GM 8L90 and 8L45 automatic transmissions after a complete flush of the system. Dexron LV ATF LV is made by Mobil and is marketed as Mobil 1 LV ATF HP. Mobil 1 LV ATF HP is composed of a Gas to liquids (GTL) Group 3+ Base oil and additives developed by Infineum needed for the proper operation of the 2015 and above GM 8L90 and 8L45 8 Speed rear wheel drive automatic transmission. Containers of this fluid have a revised blue and silver label on the front of the container. This "Dexron Approved" Dexron HP product has a J 62120 license number on the rear label of the container.

Carry passengers and cargo within the recommended limits on the Tire and Loading Information label. Driven on reasonable road surfaces within legal driving limits. Under "normal" driving conditions, the automatic transmission fluid and filter never need to be changed.