1994 жылғы Нагоядағы авиа апат: China Airlines рейсі 140 трагедиясы

April 1994 aviation accident in Nagoya, Japan

China Airlines Flight 140 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Chiang Kai shek International Airport (serving Taipei, Taiwan) to Nagoya Airport in Nagoya, Japan. On 26 April 1994, the Airbus A300 serving the route was completing a routine flight and approach, when, just seconds before landing at Nagoya Airport, the takeoff/go around setting (TO/GA) was inadvertently triggered. The pilots attempted to pitch the aircraft down while the autopilot, which was not disabled, was pitching the aircraft up. The aircraft ultimately stalled and crashed into the ground, killing 264 of the 271 persons on board. The event remains the deadliest accident in the history of China Airlines, the second deadliest air crash in Japanese history after Japan Air Lines Flight 123, and the third deadliest air crash involving the Airbus A300.

The aircraft involved, registered as B 1816, manufacturer serial number 580. It had its maiden flight on 30 October 1990 and was delivered to China Airlines on 2 February 1991. The aircraft was equipped with two Pratt & Whitney PW4158 engines.

The flight took off from Chiang Kai shek International Airport at 16:53 Taiwan Standard Time bound for Nagoya Airport. At the controls were Captain Wang Lo chi , age 42, and First Officer Chuang Meng jung , age 26. The en route flight was uneventful; the descent started at 19:47 and the aircraft passed the outer marker at 20:12. Just from the runway threshold at 1000 feet (305 m) above ground level (AGL), the first officer (co pilot) inadvertently selected the takeoff/go around setting (also known as a TO/GA), which tells the autopilot to increase the throttles to take off/go around power. The crew attempted to correct the situation, manually reducing the throttles and pushing the yoke forward. However, they did not disconnect the autopilot, which was still acting on the inadvertent go around command it had been given, so it increased its own efforts to overcome the action of the pilot. The autopilot followed its procedures and moved the horizontal stabilizer to its full nose up position. The pilots, realizing the landing must be aborted and not understanding that the TO/GA was still engaged, then knowingly executed a manual go around, pulling back on the yoke and adding to the nose up attitude that the autopilot was already trying to execute. The aircraft levelled off for about 15 seconds and continued descending until about 500 feet (152 m) where there were two bursts of thrust applied in quick succession and the aircraft was nose up in a steep climb. The resulting extreme nose up attitude, combined with decreasing relative airspeed due to insufficient thrust, resulted in an aerodynamic stall. Airspeed dropped quickly, the aircraft stalled and struck the ground at 20:15:45. Sylvanie Detonio, the only survivor who could be interviewed on 27 April, said that passengers received no warning prior to the crash. Of the 271 people on board (15 crew and 256 passengers), seven passengers survived. All of the survivors were seated in rows 7 through 15. On 27 April 1994, officials said there were 10 survivors (including a three year old) and that a Filipino, two Taiwanese, and seven Japanese survived. Taiwanese people made up a large portion of the remainder.

Japanese prosecutors declined to pursue charges of professional negligence on the airline's senior management as it was "difficult to call into question the criminal responsibility of the four individuals because aptitude levels achieved through training at the carrier were similar to those at other airlines". The pilots could not be prosecuted since they had died in the accident. A class action suit was filed against China Airlines and Airbus Industries for compensation. In December 2003, the Nagoya District Court ordered China Airlines to pay a combined 5 billion yen to 232 people, but cleared Airbus of liability. Some of the bereaved and survivors felt that the compensation was inadequate and a further class action suit was filed and ultimately settled in April 2007 when the airline apologized for the accident and provided additional compensation.

There had been earlier "out of trim incidents" with the Airbus A300 600R. On 7 May 1994, the CAA ordered China Airlines to provide supplementary training and a re evaluation of proficiency to all A300 600R pilots. As of May 2024, China Airlines still operate this service, operating in and out of Chubu Centrair International Airport after it opened in 205, moving from Komaki Airport. Today, Komaki serves limited domestic flights as well as military and other non commercial aviation. On 26 April 2014, 300 mourners gathered in Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture, for a memorial to the crash on the 20th anniversary of the crash. Another memorial service was held there on 26 April 2024, the 30th anniversary of the crash.

The crash was featured in the ninth episode of season 18 of Mayday (Air Crash Investigation). The episode is titled "Deadly Go Round".