Жасыл шөлдің тарихы мен географиясы: ежелгі қоныстар және табиғи ландшафттар

the village in Kent, UK

Greenhithe is a suburb of the North Shore of New Zealand. It is a peninsula surrounded by the Upper Waitematā Harbour, Lucas Creek and Oruamo or Hellyers Creek. The highest point in the suburb are the 85 metre cliffs at the very south of the peninsula. Te Wharau Creek is a stream that flows northwards through the suburb, becoming an estuary flowing into the Lucas Creek. Wainoni is a suburban area in Greenhithe, located around Wainoni Park. The suburb is bisected by State Highway 18, also known as the Upper Harbour Motorway, which links the North Shore to Hobsonville in West Auckland. The banks of the Lucas Creek were historically kauri dominated forests. By the mid 19th century, the area had developed into a mānuka and fern dominated scrubland.

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries. The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū. Many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho. The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore. After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"), Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu. Most of what is known of Greenhithe's traditional history is based on the retelling by Whatarangi Ngati of Pāremoremo in the early 20th century. Whatarangi was the mother in law of ethnographer George Graham, and was well versed in the tribal histories of Ngāti Whanaunga, Ngāti Whātua and Ngāti Pāoa. At Greenhithe, Tauhinu was established as a fortified Te Kawerau ā Maki pā, on the southern cliffs of the peninsula. Several other place names are known in the area, including Te Wharauakae ("The Shed of Kae"), the bay east of Greenhithe referring to a Te Kawerau ancestor who was killed here, Te Okoaratanga, the headland to the east of Greenhithe, The band of the Upper Waitematā Harbour between Greenhithe and Herald Island was known as Wainoni. Tauhinu pā, alongside other settlements of the North Shore, was attacked by Kapetaua (also known as Kapetawa) of the Hauraki Gulf around the year 1700, in retribution for Kapetaua being left stranded on Bean Rock. During the conflict between Ngāti Whātua and Kiwi Tāmaki of Waiohua, who was the paramount chief of the Auckland isthmus (circa 1740), the people of Tauhinu pā fought with Ngāti Whātua. Pahauroa, chief of Tauhinu, was wounded and died at Judges Bay during the conflict. By the first half of the 19th century, the Greenhithe area was one of the most densely settled areas of the North Shore by Tāmaki Māori peoples. During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Ngāti Whātua left an ahi kā presence at Tauhinu pā, which included a small number of warriors. When people returned in greater numbers to the Auckland Region in the mid 1830s, Ngāti Whātua focused resettlement in the Māngere Onehunga area, while Te Kawerau ā Maki focused settlement at Te Henga / Bethells Beach.

The Greenhithe area was a part of the Mahurangi Block, which was purchased by the New Zealand Government in the early 1840s. Kauri gum digging was a major income source for European settlers in the late 1840s. The first Crown land grants to European settlers in Greenhithe were to the Gamble Brothers, shoemakers from Auckland who purchased property in 1854 and 1855. The first known permanent resident was George Deane, who purchased 69 acres of land adjacent to Lucas Creek in 1858 and settled here with his wife. After struggling to make a living in the area, Deane and his wife left for Britain in 1861. During this period, the western Greenhithe headland gained the name Humbug Point by shippers who worked along the Upper Waitematā Harbour area, due to the extensive sand banks that required ships to take wide detours. In the mid 1860s, Thomas and Mary Forgham arrived in Auckland from Birmingham, establishing a self sustaining community in Greenhithe. In 1958, a boatyard opened on Rame Road, leading boat repair to become one of the largest enterprises in Greenhithe. Ferro Cement Ltd began producing concrete hulled boats in Greenhithe in the mid 1960s. The population of the suburb grew significantly after these changes, from 4,170 in 2001

From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland. A highway board was established in 1886, but only lasted two years before folding. On 1 August 1974, the Waitemata County was dissolved, and Greenhithe became a rural area incorporated into Takapuna City. In 1989, Greenhithe was merged into the North Shore City. North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010. Within the Auckland Council, Greenhithe is a part of the Upper Harbour local government area governed by the Upper Harbour Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Greenhithe Community Hall, a community centre first established in 1914. Greenhithe village, the main commercial centre of the suburb on Greenhithe Road. Greenhithe War Memorial Park, a park established as a World War II memorial. St Michael and All Angels is an Anglican church in Greenhithe that was constructed in 1956. Wainoni Park is a suburban park located in Greenhithe. It is the home of Greenhithe FC, the Greenhithe Pony Club and Greenhithe Riding for the Disabled. The school opened as a small rural school in 1893. Upper Harbour Primary School is a coeducational contributing primary school (years 1 6), with a roll of students as at The school opened in February 2006.