Гаре тайпасының тарихы мен генеологиясы

Major Somali clan

The Garre (also Gurreh, Karre, or Binukaaf, Somali: Reer Garre, Arabic: بنو كاف, romanized: Banī kāf) are a prominent Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Samaale, who is believed to have originated from the Arabian Peninsula through Aqiil Abu Talib. The Garre clan is considered to be a sub clan of the Digil Rahanweyn clan family, which is part of the larger Rahanweyn clan. However, genealogically, they are descended from Gardheere Samaale. The Garre are also categorized as southern Hawiye as well. Garre are also classified into three major entities of the same lineage but greatly recognized for their unique linguistics characteristics which are widely believed to have developed after their wide dispersal around the Horn of Africa, Garre Libin are identified by their language which resembles Oromo whom it is believed they had a long time interaction as nomadic in southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. Garre Marre are found around the major Ganale Doria and Dawa basins in Southern Ethiopia and are identified by their unique dialect derived from the Rahanweyn (Digil and Mirifle) communities whom they interacted and settled with in permanent agrarian settlements along Ganale Doria and River Jubba. The third component of Garre which is believed to be the bearers of the original Garre language are identified as Garre Konfuur due to their dominant settlement in South Central Somalia. The Garre Somalis colonised the Barava Bajun region, the NFD of Kenya, and Bale province in Ethiopia before the Boorana and Warday Oromo. Garre also founded cities like Barawe, and Kismaayo

Garre, the word Gar is derived from the soomali language, it means the strong rope that is used to tie a camel and used for transporting, i. e. the camel train. Gar, "Garrow" means also in the Somali language bearded man. Gar means Just(Fairness) in the Maay dialect which is one of the oldest Somali language. It also means "my home" in Harla language.

According to and the Y DNA analysis by Hirbo, around 75% of Garre carry the paternal E M78 E V 12 haplogroup, which likely originated in Northern Africa. The garre are the highest carriers of the haplo group E V12. This genetically proves that Garre are one of the ancient and the oldest Somali clan. For instance, the TMRCA of Harti is 800yrs, the Hawiye are 2100 3100yrs but the Garre are 4500yrs. They are classified as Proto Somali. The haplogroup E m78 EV12* is progenitors of E v32 which is highest frequencies in Somalis and Borana and Ev 22 which is Saho and Afar.

The Garre are of Somali origin being descendants of Samaale the Garre are divided into two major clans, Garre Tuuf who are associated with the 'Pre Hawiye' group (Gardhere Saransoor Yahabur Mayle) this was due to the fruit of nomadic life, the necessity of defense, the movement of new territory necessitated by a constant search for pasture and water have resulted over formation of new alliances and later, new clan identities. This show's indeed the Somali saying "tol waa tolane'' (clan is something joined together) and the structure is not based on blood relationship, that is why you will find Garre is closely affiliated with Tunni and Jiido of the Lower Jubba Valley. Arabs, who inhabited the Kismayu coast and islands parallel to the coast about 1660A. D, and to whom local tombs and ruins are attributed, exerted considerable influence on the formation of the present day characteristics of the Bajuni were also routed by the Somali Garre whom the Bajuni claims as ancestors perhaps they were at one time Garre clients. Support for such a thesis was mainly based on the fact that the Garre group is the most widely dispersed among the Somali clans. The Garre are a tribe of Somali origin who entering the country from the East, extended up the right bank of the Dawa as far as Galgala. This place is looked on as a tribal headquarter and is the burying place of the chiefs. According to the legend,

The first Garre ancestor, Aw Mohamed, crossed the Gulf of Aden into present day Somalia in 652AD. He was an Islamic scholar and a preacher. Because he was bearded, the Somalis named him "Garrow" or "Gardheer". He married a Hawiye woman who sired two boys and a girl. The first born was Tuff and the second born Qur'an, and the daughter was named Makka. Garre traditions generally recount movement southwards from the North west corner of British Somaliland. The scattering of Garre is also supported by the small remnants they supposedly left along the routes they took in their migration. The great Garre migration occurred after the fall of Ajuuraan empire. This is soo called Boon Garre at the Afmadu, other Boon Garre at Gelib near the mouth of the River Jubba and still others on the RIver Tana who spoke not the dialect of their Darood neighbours rather the southern Somali dialect of the Rahanweyn speech variety because they had lived in Rahaweyn speaking area between the Jubba and Shebelle rivers, and yet other who lived around Baardhere kept their own original Somali like language (Garreh Kofar Af maahaw). In the 18th century during the Gobroon dynasty Garre evolved a high degree of bilingualism when they controlled trade from Luuq to Boranaland, the language of trade was Oromo language, and also when they interacted with Borana and other neighbouring community who spoke the language. The Garre are also mentioned in the Futuh Al Habasha : Conquest of Abyssinia as source dating back as far as the 16th century, by author: Shihabudin Ahmad bin Abd al Qadir 'Arab Faqih or Arab Faqih. It is recorded that the Imam Mataan Bin Uthmaan Bin Khalid As Somali He was a Garre Sultan who headed the Somali tribe during the invasion of Abyssinia by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi.

The Pre Hawiye, a much reduced tribal family, trace descent from an ancestor collateral to Irir, and are accordingly genealogically anterior to the Hawiya. Their traditions show them to have preceded the Hawiya in the general expansions of the Northern Somali towards the south. For these reasons Colluci has coined the term 'Pre Hawiya' to distinguish them from the Hawiya to whom they are closely related. The term "Pre Hawiye", invented by Colluci, is used to describe any clan that is descended from one of the brothers of irir son of Samaale. They also seen as quasi ancestors of the Hawiye clan. Garre pre Hawiye group was the first group to occupy the land between the Jubba and Tana Rivers prior to the Oromo. The term pre Hawiye is useful since there is no Somali equivalent; the Somali people divide the ancient Somalis into the Dir and Hawiya (The Dir are universally regarded as being the oldest Somali stock), thus the pre Hawiya Garre, for example, regard themselves as more closely related to the Hawiye than to the Dir. The largest pre Hawiye clans are the Garre, Hawdle, Degodia, Galjaal and the Garre are the most ancient of all the pre Hawiya clans. They occupied most of southern Somalia before the arrival of the Digil/Rahaweyn confederacy. Also, Bale province and Kenya's N. F. D. was inhabited by the Garre before the Oromo Boran and Warday entered the region. According to the Garre that inhabit the southern Ethiopia there ancestors originally came from Merca, on the Somali coast. Evidence for this comes from the fact that Garre tribesmen are found on the islands of Bajun, just off the Southern Somalia coast, and they are also found in the strength near Merca. Examination of ancient Muslim graves found in the Garre country were found to be identical to those found in the North Western Somalia; A. I. Curle made the following observation in 1933:
<blockquote> around the mosque oat Au Bakadleh in the Hargeisa District of the British Somaliland, there are many graves of this type, exact replicas of those on the Dawa some found some 500 miles distance in the Garre country. They occur in four large autonomous groups: on the lower reaches of the Shebelle in Audegle District around Dolo on the upper jubba, between the Webi Gestro and the Webi Mana in contact and to some extent intermixed with the Arsi Oromo, and to the south west between the Ajuran and Degodia Somali and the Boran Galla of the Northern Frontier Province of Kenya. who form the dominant eponymous clan and provide the skeletal framework in each tribe. In many cases, however, this type of organization, dependent for its structure on a dominant clan, is superseded by a system of territorial groups whose political relations are not expressed genealogically. The Garre joined Rahaweyn constituent sub clans of Digil, forming a part of the Rahaweyn confederation of clans. known as "Toddobaadi aw Digil"

The Boran say that long ago they all lived in Liban. The head quarters of their Kings and their religion (Wak) was near Darar, which is still a great religious centre. Many years ago a number of them made an invasion to the south west, across the Dawa River, into which the country was occupied by the Wardey, who were a "suffara" (Somali) tribe. The Wardey were driven out and went south east towards Aji between Wajir and Kismayu. The Invader settled in the conquered country, spread and penetrated south as far as wajir. The true Boran countries are, however Liban and Dirri. Many years after these event there was an invasion from the east, into the most eastern Boran country, by Muslim of Somali origin. These people were camel owners, whereas the Boran are essentially cattle herds. The Muslim drove back the Boran to the West and occupied the country probably up to about latitude 39°30'. After an unknown period they commenced to withdraw eastwards, but not en masse. Those who penetrated furthest west, weakened by the exodus of many of their number, came under the influence of the boran. These are the Gabra Miggo generally "Gabra" and sometime "Gabra Gelli", Gabra in the Boran language signifies "slave" Gelli "Camel". although no tribute was paid by the Garre to the Boran, the western Garre chief used exchanged presents with the Borana Kings. There seems to be no doubt that from El Wak eastwards neither the Garre nor any other of the tribes have ever had any such relations with the Borana

El Wak is from report the most important place between the Ganale River and the Boran country. Besides the Garre, who were the most numerous, there also other Somali tribe who overlap each other and intermix freely i. e. marehan, murulle etc.

Garre are said mostly to be found in southern Somalia, on the Lower reaches of the Shabelle River; Afgooye, around Dolo around the upper Jubba; between Webi Gesho and Webi Maana River, Qoroyoley, Merca, and Awdhegle, Kurtunwaarey and Kaxda District & Kofur in Mogadishu, El Wak District in Gedo Jubaland. and in the upper reaches of Dawa River on the borders of Ethiopia and Kenya. In Kenya, the Garre tribe inhabit Mandera County (The largest population and composition of Garre live in Mandera County, making them the single largest clan in Mandera County), Wajir, North Moyale, as well as part of Isiolo County. Both the Garre and Ajuran claim to have lived in their present location in Mandera District (formerly Garreh District) and the Northern part of Wajir District before the sixteenth century expansion of the Oromo, According to tradition Gurreh District was originally inhabited by a Semitic tribe ben Izraeli before inhabited by Garre tribe. The Confer (Kofar) country lies beyond Rahanweyn in the coastal area, the principal Gurreh towns or villages being Shan and Musser on the Owdegli i. e. the lower reaches of the Shebelle River where it runs parallel with and close to the sea coast between Mogadishu and Merca. Then when well established and prosperous the Garre penetrated into Rahanweyn and sent trading safaris and settlers further in land until they reached Lugh and Dolo and re entered the Gurreh district (today Mandera District) and worked up the Dawa district (sic: actually 'river') again, trading mostly but also making settlements and farms. Arabic is also spoken as a secondary or trade language. Like other Somali, the Garre are typically tall and slender with long, oval faces and straight noses. Their skin colour varies from jet black to light brown. Af Garre (Af mahaaw) is spoken in the districts of Baydhaba, Dhiinsor, Buurhakaba and Qoryooley is one of the heterogeneous dialect of Somalia; in fact, some Garreh Koonfur dialects (those in Buurhakaba and Qoryooley) have, for instance, preserved the conjugations with prefixes to date, while others (those of Baydhaba) have already given it up. Also, the typical Digil plural morpheme—to has been replaced in some Garre. dialects (especially in those around Baydhaba) by the common southern Somali morpheme—yaal. Although Reer Amiir are not Garre at all, their idioms belong to this dialectal group.

The following genealogy has been derived from the work of Professor L. M. Lewis, also taken also from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001, and The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition), African Studies Centre Leiden, Netherlands