Румыниядағы Дета қаласының тарихы мен географиясы

Deta (Detta; Detta; ) is a town in Timiș County, Romania. It administers a single village, Opatița.

Deta is located in the low plain of Bârzava and is crossed by the Birdanca, a tributary of the Bârzava which during flood periods acts as a valve for it. Deta borders Voiteg to the north, Birda to the northeast and east, Denta to the south and Banloc to the west. The territory of the locality is dominated by the temperate continental climate. As a share, the largest influence is the maritime air masses from the west, with a high degree of humidity, then the subtropical ones from the Mediterranean and the continental ones from the east. Due to these climatic characteristics, winters are not very cold, summers are hot, and springs and autumns are quite short. The average annual temperature is between , while the maximum reaches 40 °C (104 °F). The predominant form of relief is the plain, favorable to agriculture. The grassy and forest steppe vegetation predominates around the town. The woody vegetation is characteristic of lowland areas. The fauna is predominated by rodents; there are also hares, deer, fallow deer, wild boars, foxes and squirrels. Among the birds found here are pheasants, northern goshawks, skylarks, little owls, tits, nightingales, starlings, wild ducks and wild geese. During the Roman period, the Roman castrum Potula existed here. The first recorded mention of Deta takes place in 1360, under the name of Ded, being the possession of nobleman Johannes de Deed, from which derives the current name. In 1411 and 1427, the locality is recorded with the names Ded and Kyzded ("Little Ded"), respectively. During the Ottoman domination, it declines. In his travel journals from 1660–1664, Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi, who was visiting Banat, states that Deta was inhabited by Romanians. From 1724, when the colonization of Banat by the Germans from Bavaria and Alsace/Lorraine began, the locality was reborn, its name being transformed into Detta, after the old name Ded. In the same year, the first Roman Catholic church was built and the official registration of baptisms, deaths and marriages began (1725). from Milan area were colonized in 1763. The first colony consisted of a few houses on the present day main street and up to the old Bellavista Hotel. At that time, the Birda stream was the border of the settlement. At first the life of the colony was extremely harsh: the plague epidemic of 1738 quickly decimated the population. Until 1751 the locality was under military administration and developed less. It was only after it came under civilian administration, initially subordinated to Denta, that it was able to develop. The state organized colonization at its own expense. As the climate was very favorable for the rice plant, the state brought in specialized Italian settlers who re established rice fields here (a few decades ago, Count Mercy had already tried to develop this crop, but due to epidemics they had been abandoned). From that period, the Italian Arizi and Timary families became famous, with special merits in rice cultivation. At the same time, the growth of silkworms was stimulated, an activity that the locals practiced with skill. In 1810, Deta is elevated to the rank of market town, until the end of the 19th century, by Emperor Francis I of Austria, due to the development it experiences in agriculture, trade, animal husbandry and craftsmanship. It experienced a period of crisis again and fell from the status of town, becoming one of the rural localities. After World War II, Deta experienced a new stage in its development, this time marked by communist ideology and organization. In 1968 it received the status of town (for the third time in its history). New blocks of flats are being built, new public institutions are being brought in, etc.

Industry is the most important economic sector. Traditionally, wood processing factories (plywood and veneers) and clay mining industry have developed here. After the 1989 revolution, development was severely hampered, so that after 2000 Deta could start a development process again. A number of foreign investors have opened numerous factories here that have polarized economic activity and human resources in the town and the area of influence. The main employer in the town is EYBL, with a textile profile, specialized in the production of interior components for cars (steering wheels, upholstery for BMW, Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, Jaguar, Renault, etc.). It has over 1,900 employees, of which 1,100 are from Deta, the rest coming from the surrounding localities. Other companies are present in the wood processing, food and textile industries.