Австрия Пошталық Жылжымдық Банкінің Тарихы

Former bank in Austria

Österreichische Postsparkasse (P. S. K.) was a postal savings bank in Austria. It was owned by the Austrian Post Office and thus by the government. It merged on 1 October 2005 with the BAWAG to form BAWAG P. S. K.

Österreichische Postsparkasse was founded by law in 1882. On 28 May, the parliamentary bill " on the introduction of postal savings banks in kingdoms and countries represented by the Imperial Assembly" was passed in the Imperial Council (Reichsrat). The government bill was drawn up by Georg Coch, the founder and first director of the bank. The first headquarters of the "k. k. Postsparcassen Amt" (Imperial Royal Postal Savings Office) was opened on 12 January 1883 in the former Dominican Monastery building on Wollzeile street in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. About 4,000 post office branches located throughout the Austro Hungarian Empire began offering their postal savings service to customers. The idea behind offering financial services at post offices was to promote public awareness and encourage saving. The added benefit of the system was to make important funds available to the state and to guarantee the security of the deposits with government liability. In October 1883, Coch introduced a revolutionary innovation, the system of cashless transfers (Scheckverkehr), whereby a written instruction authorised the debit of one account and the credit to another. This radically changed the monetary system and made the P. S. K. into the centre of payment transactions. The new system of cashless transfers started spreading throughout the world. The bank also saw the expansion of the foreign payment transaction system. Giro agreements were signed with the Austro Hungarian Bank and other foreign postal savings bank throughout Europe. In 1906 the new headquarters building in Vienna designed by the architect Otto Wagner was constructed. It is located at what is today Georg Coch Platz in the first district Innere Stadt along the Ringstraße boulevard. The building is one of the most important examples of Viennese Jugendstil which is also known as The Vienna Secession. Its clear lines and the usage of steel, concrete and glass give the building a solid and impenetrable look. The skylight in the main hall allows for natural light to reach the interior of the building. The headquarters building became the most recognisable trademark of the postal savings bank.

World War I dealt a heavy blow to the bank. With the collapse of the Austro Hungarian Empire, its areas of activity were restricted to the much smaller, newly founded Austrian Republic. As a result, the number of post office branches was heavily reduced from 7,000 to around 2,000. came into effect. The bank regained its pre war status as an independent legal entity in form of a public company. Österreichische Postsparkasse, as it was now called, was however required to further follow the monetary and fiscal policy of the Austrian Federal Government in its business dealings and to support the Austrian National Bank (OeNB) in all currency and lending policies. The Federal Government assumed liability for all P. S. K. obligations in return for the right to half of the annual net profit. The law formed the starting point for a new business strategy aimed at creating a market oriented range of services. The strategy seemed to work well, as the bank grew and was able to further consolidate its position in 1976, when it purchased the majority stake in the Appell Kunden Kredit Teilzahlungsbank regGenmbH, which was one year later converted into a full bank under the name Bank der Österreichischen Postsparkasse AG (P. S. K. Bank AG). The 1990s saw substantial change for the bank. In 1996, parliament passed a law to change the P. S. K. into a joint stock company (Aktiengesellschaft). The following year, the Federal Ministry of Finance allowed the P. S. K. to grant private loans. With the award of the license the bank secured preferential treatment for financing of companies that are majority owned by the government. The P. S. K. registered with the company register at the Vienna commercial court. The bank also was listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. The Austrian government was liable for any financial obligations of the newly listed company. With the new restructuring, a new agreement was signed between the P. S. K. and the Austrian Mail Service of how the post offices would continue to offer the financial services. In 2000, 74.82% of the bank's shares were bought by Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft AG (BAWAG) and the remaining 25.18% by KSP Unternehmensbeteiligungsgesellschaft mbH. The merger of the two financial institutes created the BAWAG P. S. K., making it Austria’s third largest banking group. By 2000 the balance sheet had a total of almost 45 million euros and the new group had about 5000 employees, some 2000 outlets and over one million private customers. The BAWAG P. S. K. Group now has the largest centrally managed sales network in Austria.

The bank's services cover the classical areas of retail banking and corporate banking. Apart from offering financial services, the bank also sponsors cultural events such as art exhibitions, especially on the Viennese Jugendstil, concerts, as well as donating for social issues such as fundraisers for victims of natural disasters.