Бронхиолиттердің обструктивті түрі және оның себептері

Bronchiolitis obliterans results in worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and a dry cough. The symptoms can start gradually, or severe symptoms can occur suddenly. These symptoms represent an obstructive pattern that is non reversible with bronchodilator therapy, and need to be related to various lung insults. It can also be present in patients with IBD, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, GERD, IgA nephropathy, and ataxia telangiectasia. The ingestion of large doses of papaverine in the vegetable Sauropus androgynus has caused it. Additionally, the disorder may be idiopathic (without known cause).

Typically found in young children and is the most common cause at this age. Generally occurs after a viral infection of adenovirus (types 3, 7, and 21), measles (rubeola), mycoplasma, CMV, influenza, and parainfluenza. Post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans is most common in the southern hemisphere particularly in countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Chile and New Zealand. There was a large prevalence of the disease in these areas during the 1990s and early 2000s. In one hospital in Buenos Aires, the Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's hospital, the disease accounted for 14% of their inpatient respiratory population from 1993 to 2002. Children with lower lung function based on their pulmonary function testing, have lower exercise tolerance, which compounds the impact of the disease on cardiovascular function as they are not able to maintain age appropriate aerobic fitness.

The American Lung Association lists flavored e cigarettes as a risk in 2016. Health Canada has, however, seen no cases as of 2019. Public Health England writes that the association has come about as "some flavourings used in e liquids to provide a buttery flavour contain the chemical diacetyl however, diacetyl is banned as an ingredient from e cigarettes and e liquids in the UK." The UK National Health Service's website states that "vaping does not cause popcorn lung".

The underlying mechanism involves injury and inflammation of epithelial and sub epithelial cells. These cells then lose the ability to repair the tissue, in particular they lose the ability to regenerate the epithelial or outermost layer, leading to the excess growth of cells that cause scarring. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) should be above 80% of predicted values to be considered normal. Bronchiolitis obliterans reduces this to between 16% and 21%.

Early in the disease chest radiography is typically normal but may show hyperinflation.

Disease caused by exposure to industrial inhalants and burn pits can be prevented with the use of engineering controls (e. g., exhaust hoods or closed systems), personal protective equipment, monitoring of potentially affected personnel, worker education and training.

The primary prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans in people who have received either lung transplant or HSCT therapy is immunosuppression.