Ленокстаун: Шотландияның тарихы мен өркендеуі

Town in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland

Lennoxtown (Baile na Leamhnachd, ) is a town in the East Dunbartonshire council area and the historic county of Stirlingshire, Scotland. The Campsie Fells are located to Lennoxtown's north. The town had a population of 4,094 at the 2011 UK census.

The Lennoxtown area was centered around Lennox Mill in the past. It was a bustling location where tenants of the Woodhead estate used to bring their corn for grinding. Numerous corn mills existed in the area, including Lennox Mill which was situated near the now since demolished Kali Nail Works. A significant event in the history of the locality was the establishment of the calico printing works at Lennoxmill during the late 1780s. It was on a site adjacent to the old corn mill. Calico is a type of cotton cloth, the printing of cotton cloth was soon established as the major industry in the area, also at Milton of Campsie. Calico was constructed during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to provide accommodation for the block makers and other cotton printing workers in the village of Lennoxtown. Streets of houses were planned and built according to a formal plan. Lennoxtown was at first known as 'Newtown of Campsie', to distinguish it from the 'Kirktoun' or 'Clachan' of Campsie, at the foot of Campsie Glen. During the 19th century Lennoxtown grew to be the largest center of population in Campsie Parish. Another important industry was soon established – a chemical works, founded by Charles Macintosh (of waterproof clothing fame) and his associates. At first, their principal product was alum, a chemical employed in the textile industry. Alumschist, the basic ingredient in the process, was mined in the area. The works came to be known as the Secret Works, presumably because of the need to keep the industrial processes undercovered. During the 1790s many of the Lennoxmill workers supported the political reformer Thomas Muir of Huntershill in his campaigns to establish democracy in Scotland. Furthermore, Reform Society was set up in Campsie in 1792. However, the parish minister, the Rev. James Lapslie, represented some opposition to Muir's ideas in the area. An important milestone democracy timeline was the establishment of the local co operative society in 1812, The Lennoxtown Friendly Victualling Society. It was one of the earliest of its kind in Scotland. The growing importance of Lennoxtown was underlined by the removal of the parish church from the Clachan to the New Town during the 1820s. Plans for the new church were prepared by the architect David Hamilton, who was also responsible for the nearby Lennox Castle. A Roman Catholic church was erected in 1846 (originally St Paul's, later renamed St Machan's), one of the earliest post Reformation Catholic churches in Scotland, apart from those in cities and large towns. The decline of the industries that flourished during the nineteenth century in addition to the later nail making industry (and indeed the famous Victualling Society) has left Lennoxtown in a kind of post industrial limbo. Which it has been difficult to escape from, slow progress continued to be made.

St Machan's Primary School was opened in 1964, replacing a smaller school on Bencloich Road. The old building was then used as the Campsie Recreation Centre, until its demolition in 2009. In 2009, St Machan's had 200 pupils. It is a feeder school for St Ninian's High School in Kirkintilloch. In 2009, St Machan's had 200 pupils enrolled in the school and would later move on to St Ninian's High School which enrolled 757 pupils in 2009. In 2013, there was a petition to get a skate park to replace the old recreation center was handed out to the local businesses to get members of the local community to sign.

In 1839, the Lennoxtown New Subscription School was given a grant of £280,000 from the government in order to be rebuilt. The school was made up of two large buildings and opened in 1840. It had a section for over one hundred primary age pupils and another section for infant pupils. A new school was built in 1896 and expanded to seven classrooms for 458 pupils. The Lennoxtown Public School was
reduced to the status of Lennoxtown Primary School in 1963, with secondary pupils instead attending Kilsyth Academy. Lennoxtown Primary enrolled 128 pupils in 2009. in one building. One of the oldest surviving branches of the Co operative was demolished as part of the development after an attempt to have the building listed was unsuccessful.

The railway to Lennoxtown was an extension of the Glasgow to Edinburgh line. The first of this line, from Lenzie to Lennoxtown, were built by the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway under powers obtained in 1845 and was officially opened on 5 July 1848. The railway was initially intended to serve the print fields at Lennoxtown but it eventually allowed passengers and provided this service as far as Aberfoyle. The passenger service was discontinued in October 1951, with the transportation of goods continuing but only as far as Lennoxtown from 1959. The line closed completely in 1966. Lennoxtown Station won first prize for being the best kept railway station in Scotland in 1897, for 7 consecutive years from 1922 to 1928 and again in 1930 and 1931.

It was announced that the Celtic training ground was going to be built in Lennoxtown in 2005 by the manager Gordon Strachan. The training ground was built on the grounds of Lennox castle and was officially opened in October 2007. The facility has three natural grass, UEFA match size pitches, and one full size, all weather, floodlit artificial pitch. There is undersoil heating, a state of the art gym, a sauna and steam room, and changing facilities. Local football teams such as the Campsie Boys' Club train there once a week. Celtic liaise with the local schools (St. Machan's and Lennoxtown Primary School) to allow occasional use of their training facilities. There are educational facilities for the young Celtic Academy footballers at the ground and arrangements for them to attend St. Ninian's High School in Kirkintilloch. The school football team use the training ground facilities. Stuart Findlay was part of the initial intake of this scheme in 2009 before leaving Celtic and establishing himself as a professional with Kilmarnock.

The construction of a town hall began in 1866 and was completed in 1868. The total cost of building was £1,340, It is currently known as the Campsie Memorial Hall. In the 1950s, the District Council took over and renovated the hall. The Campsie Memorial Hall was threatened with closure in 2010. Due to a positive local response, the hall was spared. Over 150 people attended a public meeting in a bid to rescue the hall. Around 35 residents formed a management committee to manage the hall. The hall was managed by volunteers from Lennoxtown in late 2012. In 2013, grants from the EDC Civic Pride Fund and the Big Lottery funded improvements.

The town's first senior association football club, Campsie Glen, entered the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1878–79. Two other clubs from the town reached the Cup quarter final in the 1880s; Central in 1880–81 and Campsie in 1888–89. Campsie also won the Stirlingshire Cup in 1892–93, the first club from the west of the county to do so. The town was well known in Scottish football circles as the home of Campsie Black Watch FC, an under 21 club founded in 1943 which launched the careers of many professional players (Willie Garner, Eddie Gallagher, Johnny Walker, Frank Haffey, Mike Larnach, Jim Thomson). The club won the Scottish Juvenile Cup 11 times between 1955 and 2014 before eventually folding in 2017, a short time before the death of long serving president Gerry Marley.