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American symphony orchestra in Cleveland, Ohio

The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio. Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five". The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Hall. Its current music director is Franz Welser Möst.

The board selected Lorin Maazel as the orchestra’s fifth music director. His tenure began in 1972. Maazel had first conducted the orchestra at age 13 in 1943, in a concert at Public Hall. But soon Maazel was lifted by an endorsement from Philadelphia Orchestra conductor Eugene Ormandy and the promise of a new collaboration with Decca Records on Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet, which proved to be the spark Maazel needed to jumpstart his Cleveland Orchestra career. During the 1973–74 season, Maazel led the orchestra on a tour of Australia and New Zealand, joined by guest conductors Stanislaw Skrowaczewski and Erich Leinsdorf. The orchestra also played a series of concerts in Japan. During the following season, the orchestra released its first commercial recording of an opera, George Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess, which was also Decca’s first opera recording in the United States. Maazel left the orchestra after the 1981–82 season, to take over the directorship of the Vienna State Opera. Before his departure, however, Maazel helped to introduce the orchestra’s landmark Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Concerts in January 1980, which remain an annual tradition to this day. On May 15, 1982, Maazel conducted his final performance at Severance Hall followed by a short tour of New York and New Haven, where he led concerts featuring Giuseppe Verdi’s Requiem, which had been his debut piece with the orchestra in 1972.

Christoph von Dohnányi first guest conducted the orchestra in December 1981. In 1982, the orchestra named Dohnányi its music director designate in 1982. He officially became music director in 1984. During the pair of seasons between Maazel and Dohnányi, various guest conductors conducted the orchestra, including Erich Leinsdorf, who labeled himself the “bridge between the regimes.”

Because of Dohnányi’s connections with Teldec, Decca/London, and Telarc, his Cleveland Orchestra tenure began with the promise of more recording projects. He also staged a large production of Mozart’s The Magic Flute at Blossom Music Center in 1985, which was lauded as “the Ohio musical event of the summer” by The Columbus Dispatch. In addition, Dohnányi oversaw the hiring of Jahja Ling, who would lead the newly established Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra. International touring continued under Dohnányi with visits to Asia and Europe, including the development of a long standing relationship with the Salzburg Festival beginning in 1990. To celebrate The Cleveland Orchestra’s 75th anniversary, Dohnányi led performances of Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen at Severance Hall across the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons, and a subsequent recording project of Wagner’s Das Rheingold and Die Walküre. The orchestra also began a fundraising campaign for the renovation of Severance Hall, which included the removal of the “Szell Shell,” a return of the ensemble's E. M. Skinner organ to the stage, and a facilities expansion designed to enhance the experience of concertgoers. During these renovations, the orchestra performed concerts for its hometown audiences at the Allen Theatre in Cleveland’s Playhouse Square. On January 8, 2000, Dohnányi led a gala concert celebrating the re opening of Severance Hall that was broadcast live on local television by Cleveland’s WVIZ. At the conclusion of Dohnányi’s contract, in 2002, he took the title of music director laureate.

Franz Welser Möst became the orchestra's seventh music director in 2002. Welser Möst and the Musical Arts Association have extended his contract several times, with his most recent contract keeping him on the podium until 2027. During his tenure, Welser Möst has overseen many of the orchestra's residencies, outreach programs, and expansion activities. He leads the orchestra's ongoing residencies at the Musikverein in Vienna and at the Lucerne Festival, both of which began with Welser Möst's first European tour in 2003. In addition, Welser Möst and the orchestra began an annual residency at Miami's Carnival Center for the Performing Arts (later renamed the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts) in 2007. That October, the orchestra launched the Adella App, a streaming service including historical and newly created content. Access to the service was free to season subscribers and $35 per month for non subscribers. In 2020, The Cleveland Orchestra announced they had started their own recording label, self titled as The Cleveland Orchestra. A limited in person return to concerts was announced for Blossom Music Center for the Summer of 2021, with a return to Severance Hall planned for October. In October 2023, Welser Möst underwent surgery for the removal of a cancerous tumor, and announced curtailment of his performances during the remainder of 2023. In January 2024, the orchestra announced that Welser Möst is to conclude his tenure as ts music director at the close of the 2026 2027 season.

In addition to a vast catalog of recordings created with the ensemble's music directors, the orchestra has made many recordings with guest conductors Vladimir Ashkenazy, Oliver Knussen, Kurt Sanderling, Yoel Levi, Riccardo Chailly, George Benjamin, Roberto Carnevale, Riccardo Muti, Michael Tilson Thomas, and Louis Lane (the orchestra's longtime Associate Conductor). Past assistant conductors of the Cleveland Orchestra include Matthias Bamert, James Levine, Alan Gilbert, James Judd and Michael Stern.