Microlearning

Education with small learning units

Microlearning refers to a set of compact e learning modules that are designed to reduce learner fatigue. The modules can be educational, professional, or skill based, and are usually designed to be less than 20 minutes long, with a single learning objective or topic. The name originates from the Greek word 'micro' meaning 'small'.

As an instructional technology, microlearning focuses on the design of learning modules through microsteps in digital media environments. These activities can be incorporated into the learner's daily routines and tasks. Unlike "traditional" e learning approaches, microlearning often tends towards push technology through push media, which reduces the cognitive load on the learner. In a wide sense, microlearning can be understood as a metaphor which refers to micro aspects of a variety of learning models, concepts, and processes and is capable enough to address challenges associated with the learning process. Breaking the information down into topical, bite sized chunks helps to increase attention and promotes higher retention rates. Research shows that microlearning can result in significant increase of exam pass rates (up to 18%). The technique has also been shown to increase learner confidence with the material. A modern definition of microlearning refers to a learning technique that involves bite size lessons to engage learners in the process. Furthermore, microlearning marks a transition from common models of learning towards micro perspectives on, and the significance of, micro dimensions in the process of learning. Microlearning has also been considered as a promising topic in work based learning, and the applications of microlearning have been widely studied in different fields. As of 2020, there were at least 476 relevant publications exploring the concept. The technique is capable of addressing challenges associated with slow learners. It is functional not only for skill based education but also for sustainable socioeconomic development, and without taking care of micro perspectives in the context of learning, education, training, and skill development, a skill based education cannot be imparted effectively.

Microlearning activity can be designed as an individual or group experience with appropriate prompts to gauge performance of the learners. The focus, however, is to keep the information short and relevant in order to maintain concentration. The activity itself could include reading a paragraph, listening to an informational podcast, watching a video clip, etc. Once observation of the content is completed, it is then followed by assessment in the form of short quizzes, micro games, reflection of viewed content, etc. The content of the design depends upon the mode of delivery. For example, an informational podcast would be more suitable for self paced learners who have access to the relevant source; on the other hand, reading a paragraph from a book could be more functional for more traditional learners.