Swiss Post

National postal service of Switzerland

Before the establishment of a united postal service in Switzerland in 1848, postal services were often carried out by a variety of independent messengers and postal services such as the Thurn und Taxis in Schaffhausen and the Fischerpost in Bern.

After the French military complained to the government of the recently established Helvetic Republic about the different uniforms of the postal services, the decision to form a united postal service was approved by the Swiss Senate in September 1798. but the Swiss Government was not able to nationalize the already functioning and well established independent postal services. By 1803 the administration of the Swiss postal services was returned to the cantons.

Between 1803 and 1848 the postal services were administrated by the cantons. The canton of Zürich was a major provider of postal services at the time, as it also operated the postal services in the cantons Thurgau and Zug and its carriages were allowed to transit through the important Uri with its Gotthard Pass. From 1823 onwards, the postal services from Canton Zürich operated a carriage between Zürich via Rapperswil to Chur and from 1826 the carriage was in service on a daily basis. in 1829 a daily service between Basel and Zürich was established. In 1835 the service was expanded to Bern and three years later the line reached Fribourg, Lausanne and Geneva. In 1835 the first steamboat was operated on Lake Zürich and in 1847 the first railway of Switzerland went into service between Zürich and Baden. In 1843, the cantonal post of Zürich issued the first stamp in Switzerland so the postman was relieved of the duty of collecting the money from the clients. In Canton Bern the Fischerpost was the official provider of postal services, and it also operated the line over the Gotthard Pass to Italy. They were the official post service in the cantons of Solothurn, Fribourg and Geneva. Their position was rather dominant, much more so after Emanuel Friedrich von Fischer [de] of the Fischer family was elected the president of the Stadt und Republik Bern [de]. The Fischer dynasty ended in 1832, as the new Bernese liberal Government expropriated them. Lucerne was the only canton which wanted to keep the post under a national administration, and had to withstand the Fischer family who attempted to obtain the postal rights from the canton in 1809 and again in 1814. Lucerne expanded its own service to the south in the Ticino, and its messengers were given transit rights through the cantons of Schwyz and Uri. From Lucerne carriages departed to St. Gallen, Olten and Basel. In 1839 the first steamboat on Lake Lucerne began to provide its services. Uri leased transit rights to the postal services of Zürich. From Altdorf in Uri, a daily carriage crossed over the Gotthard, reaching Milan in Italy. The small Canton Glarus outsourced its postal services to two entrepreneurs until 1832, the year it began to operate the post through a cantonal administration. The location of Basel at the northern border of Switzerland made the city a prominent centre for international mail exchange. In 1839 Basel ordered that post boxes accessible to the public be installed in the major squares of the city. After the train line between Basel and Strasbourg was inaugurated in 1844, it also transported mail between the cities.

In 1848 the postal services were regulated by the new constitution which demanded a centralised administration. On 1 January 1849

In 1850 the first stamps valid in all of Switzerland were issued. The same year the delivery time between Basel in the north of Switzerland and Milan in Italy was limited to fifty hours. From Basel the mail was transported to Lucerne, where it was shipped over Lake Lucerne to Flüelen in Uri, from where it was transported by carriage over the St. Gotthard to Bellinzona and Camerlata, from where it was loaded on a train to Milan. After four years of litigation before a court in Frankfurt, the Duke of Thurn und Taxis conceded the postal rights of Schaffhausen to Switzerland in return for 150,000 CHF in 1853. In 1874, Switzerland organised the founding congress in Bern of the Universal Postal Union, of which it also became a member. After 1878, Swiss post offices on steamers and railways were tasked with accepting and delivering and also sorting out mail. Also donkeys, mules and even a dog were in service to deliver the mail. the third country after the United States and Germany to do so.

In 1850 the post was responsible for dispatching 16 million letters in total or 7 letters per person. By 1910 it delivered fifteen and in 1950 eighty two letters per person. In 1870, the urban centres were responsible for about 25% of the letters sent while accounting for only 9% of the population. In 1950 the post delivered 900 million letters, of which about 8% had a destination outside of Switzerland. In 1963 the mail volume rose to 2.5 billion letters. In 2020, Swiss Post handled between 600,000 and 900,000 parcels each day.

The number of post offices increased from 1,502 in 1849 to over 4,000 in 1914. The volumes of mail delivered by the Swiss Postal Services increased significantly and between 1887 and 1915 so called "Postal Palaces" were built in several larger cities. The first one was in Basel, then others followed in Zürich, Bern, Geneva and Olten. By 1985 the Swiss Post owned about 1300 buildings and rented more than 4100.

In 1849, the Swiss Post operated almost 500 carriages and 250 sleds. In 1849, the Swiss Post operated almost 500 carriages and 250 sleds pulled by horses.

After its foundation, the post earned almost half its revenue from the transportation of passengers. In the post wagons the mail was sorted on train. By 1866 the Swiss Post decided to buy their own post wagons. In later years wagons with three and four axles were purchased. The wagons with 4 axles were equipped with compartments in which the mail was sorted In 1964, the Postal Codes were established and from then the mail was sorted more in specific centres. In 1986, there were 600 post wagons in the service of the Swiss Post.

The first air mail was delivered mainly as a demonstration in the early 1910s. In January 1919, a regular military airmail service was established which by April 1919 was expanded also for civilian mail. Subsequently, at other Swiss airports like Zurich or Basel, international airmail was also received and dispatched.